A lokacin amfani da kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga, suna narkewa cikin sauƙi kuma suna laushi ta hanyar tasirin zahiri, sinadarai, na inji da sauran tasirin a yanayin zafi mai zafi (gabaɗaya 1000 ~ 1800 °C), ko kuma su lalace ta hanyar zaizayar ƙasa, ko kuma su fashe da lalacewa, wanda ke katse aikin. Kayan da suka gurbata. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga dole ne su sami halaye waɗanda za su iya daidaitawa da yanayi daban-daban na aiki. Ga wasu alamomi guda 4 da ke tantance aikin zafin jiki mai yawa na kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga:
(1) Mai tsaurin kai
Rashin daidaito yana nufin zafin da abu ke kaiwa wani matakin laushi a ƙarƙashin tasirin zafi mai yawa, kuma yana nuna aikin kayan a kan tasirin zafi mai yawa. Rashin daidaito shine tushen tantance ko za a iya amfani da abu a matsayin mai hana lalacewa. Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Duniya ta ƙayyade cewa kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba waɗanda ba su da sinadarai masu hana lalacewa waɗanda ke da ƙarfin juriya sama da 1500 ℃ kayan hana lalacewa ne. Ya bambanta da wurin narkewar kayan kuma shine cikakken bayanin cakuda abubuwa masu ƙarfi da yawa waɗanda suka ƙunshi ma'adanai daban-daban.
Babban abin da ke ƙayyade rashin ƙarfin shine sinadaran ma'adinai da kuma rarrabawar kayan. Abubuwa daban-daban na ƙazanta, musamman waɗanda ke da tasirin ƙarfi na narkewa, za su rage ƙarfin ƙarfin kayan sosai. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi la'akari da matakan da suka dace a cikin tsarin samarwa don tabbatar da kuma inganta tsarkin kayan.
Rashin jurewa ba cikakken adadi ne na zahiri da ya kebanta da wani abu ba, amma alama ce ta fasaha idan abu ya kai wani takamaiman matakin laushi wanda aka auna a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji. Ana yin kayan gwajin zuwa mazugi mai kusurwa uku (wanda ake kira mazugi na gwaji) bisa ga hanyar da aka tsara, da kuma mazugi mai kusurwa uku (wanda ake kira mazugi na yau da kullun) tare da madaidaicin zafin lanƙwasa a takamaiman ƙimar dumama. Ana ƙayyade dumama, da kuma rashin jurewa ta hanyar kwatanta matakin lanƙwasa mazugi na gwaji da matakin lanƙwasa mazugi na yau da kullun. Ƙasan ƙasan mazugi mai kusurwa uku mai tsayi yana da tsawon 8mm a kowane gefe, ƙasan sama shine 2mm a kowane gefe, kuma tsayinsa shine 30mm. A lokacin aunawa, matakin ruwa na iya bayyana a cikin dala a babban zafin jiki. Yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, adadin matakin ruwa yana ƙaruwa, danko na matakin ruwa yana raguwa, kuma mazugi yana laushi. Lokacin da taushin ya kai wani mataki, mazugi yana lanƙwasa a hankali saboda nauyinsa. Lokacin da aka lanƙwasa mazubin gwaji da mazubin da aka saba a lokaci guda har sai saman su ya taɓa chassis, zafin lanƙwasa da aka ƙayyade na mazubin da aka saba zai yi rinjaye a matsayin rashin ƙarfin mazubin gwajin.
Haka kuma an san shi da wurin laushi na refractory a ƙarƙashin kaya ko kuma yanayin zafi na refractory a ƙarƙashin kaya, yana nuna juriyar refractory ga haɗin aikin babban zafin jiki da kaya a ƙarƙashin kaya akai-akai ko kewayon zafin jiki wanda refractory ke nuna bayyanar nakasar filastik. Matsakaicin zafin aiki na refractory za a iya tantance shi daga yanayin zafi mai laushi a ƙarƙashin kaya. Zafin laushi da ke ƙarƙashin kaya yana wakiltar ƙarfin tsarin refractory a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayin amfani, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman tushen tantance matsakaicin zafin aiki na refractory.
Babban abin da ke ƙayyade zafin laushin da ke ƙarƙashin kaya shine sinadarin ma'adinai na kayan, wanda kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da tsarin samar da kayan. Zafin sintering na kayan yana da babban tasiri akan zafin laushin da ke ƙarƙashin kaya. Idan an ƙara zafin sintering yadda ya kamata, zafin farawa na lalacewa zai ƙaru saboda raguwar porosity, haɓakar lu'ulu'u, da kuma kyakkyawan haɗin kai. Inganta tsarkin kayan da aka yi amfani da su da rage yawan narkewar ƙasa ko narkewa zai ƙara zafin laushin da ke ƙarƙashin kaya. Misali, sodium oxide a cikin tubalin yumbu da alumina a cikin tubalin silica duk oxides ne masu cutarwa.
(3) Matsakaicin yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi na kayan da ke hana ruwa gudu
A ƙarƙashin tasirin zafin jiki mai yawa na dogon lokaci, kayan da ke hana ruwa yana samar da faɗaɗa girma, wanda ake kira faɗaɗa saura. Girman faɗaɗa saura (nakasa) na kayan da ke hana ruwa yana nuna ingancin kwanciyar hankali na yawan zafin jiki mai yawa. Ƙaramin nakasawar saura, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na girma; akasin haka, mafi munin kwanciyar hankali na girma, mafi sauƙin haifar da nakasa ko lalacewar ginin.
Sau da yawa ana amfani da canjin layin sake ƙonawa don yin hukunci kan kwanciyar hankali na babban zafin jiki na kayan, wanda shine muhimmin ma'auni don kimanta ingancin kayan.
Yawancin kayan da ke hana ruwa za su ragu a ƙarƙashin tasirin zafin jiki mai yawa. A lokacin sake kunna wuta, yawancin kayan da ke hana ruwa za su ragu, galibi saboda yanayin ruwa da kayan ke samarwa a babban zafin jiki zai cika ramuka, don haka ana ƙara matse ƙwayoyin kuma a ja su Kwanan nan, sake kunna wutar ya faru, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin yawan kayan. Akwai kuma wasu kayan da ke faɗaɗa yayin sake kunna wuta. Misali, tubalin silica yana faɗaɗa saboda canjin polycrystalline yayin amfani. Wannan saboda za a ci gaba da canza quartz na tubalin silica zuwa tridymite ko murabba'i a babban zafin jiki. Quartz, wanda ke faɗaɗa a cikin girma, kusan kashi 10% ba a canza shi ba a cikin tubalin silica. Domin rage raguwar sake kunna wuta da faɗaɗa kayan, yana da tasiri don ƙara zafin wuta yadda ya kamata da tsawaita lokacin riƙewa, amma bai kamata ya yi yawa ba, in ba haka ba zai haifar da vitrification na tsarin kayan kuma rage kwanciyar hankali na girgizar zafi. Saboda faɗaɗa ƙwayoyin quartz a cikin kayan yayin harbawa da amfani, wanda ke rage raguwar yumbu, canjin girma na tubalin semi-silica ƙanana ne, kuma wasu daga cikinsu an ɗan faɗaɗa su kaɗan.
(4) Daidaiton girgizar zafi
Ana kiran ikon masu hana ruwa juriya ga saurin canje-canje a zafin jiki ba tare da lalacewa ba. Wannan siffa kuma ana kiranta da juriya ga girgizar zafi ko juriya ga girgizar zafi.
Babban abin da ke shafar ma'aunin kwanciyar hankali na girgizar zafi na kayan shine halayen jiki na kayan, kamar faɗaɗawar zafi, ƙarfin watsawar zafi da sauransu. Gabaɗaya, mafi girman saurin faɗaɗa layi na kayan, mafi muni da kwanciyar hankali na girgizar zafi; mafi girman ƙarfin watsawar zafi na kayan, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na girgizar zafi. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin microstructure, abun da ke cikin barbashi da siffar kayan da ke hana girgizar zafi duk suna da tasiri ga kwanciyar hankali na girgizar zafi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-15-2022