Bayan bazara mai zafi na 2021 da yanayin zafi mai yawa, yankin arewa ya haifar da hunturu mai sanyi, kuma dusar ƙanƙara ta yi yawa, har ma a cikin Hamadar Sahara, ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi zafi a duniya. A gefe guda kuma, yankin kudu ya haifar da zafi mai zafi, inda yanayin zafi ya kai 50°C a Yammacin Ostiraliya, kuma manyan kankara a Antarctica sun narke. To me ya faru da duniya? Me ya sa masana kimiyya suka ce ƙarshen tarin mutane na shida ya zo?
A matsayin hamada mafi girma a duniya, yanayin hamadar Sahara yana da bushewa da zafi sosai. Rabin yankin yana samun ruwan sama ƙasa da mm 25 a shekara, wasu yankuna ma ba sa samun ruwan sama tsawon shekaru da yawa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin yana da tsayin 30 ℃, kuma matsakaicin zafin lokacin rani na iya wuce 40 ℃ na tsawon watanni da dama a jere, kuma mafi girman zafin da aka rubuta ya kai har 58 ℃.
Amma a cikin wannan yanki mai tsananin zafi da bushewa, ba kasafai ake samun dusar ƙanƙara a wannan hunturu ba. Ƙaramin garin Ain Sefra, wanda ke arewacin Hamadar Sahara, ya yi dusar ƙanƙara a watan Janairun wannan shekara. Dusar ƙanƙara ta rufe hamadar zinariya. Launuka biyu sun haɗu da juna, kuma yanayin ya kasance na musamman.
Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi, zafin garin ya ragu zuwa -2°C, digiri kaɗan ya fi sanyi fiye da matsakaicin zafin hunturun da ya gabata. Garin ya yi dusar ƙanƙara sau huɗu a cikin shekaru 42 da suka gabata, mafi tsufa a 1979 da kuma uku na ƙarshe a cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata.
Dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hamada ba kasafai take faruwa ba, duk da cewa hamada tana da sanyi sosai a lokacin hunturu kuma yanayin zafi na iya raguwa zuwa ƙasa da sifili, amma hamada tana da bushewa sosai, yawanci ba ta da isasshen ruwa a cikin iska, kuma akwai ƙarancin ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara. Dusar ƙanƙara a cikin Hamadar Sahara tana tunatar da mutane game da sauyin yanayi a duniya.
Masanin yanayi na Rasha Roman Vilfan ya ce dusar ƙanƙara a hamadar Sahara, raƙuman ruwa masu sanyi a Arewacin Amurka, yanayi mai dumi sosai a Rasha da Turai, da kuma ruwan sama mai ƙarfi wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a Yammacin Turai. Faruwar waɗannan yanayi marasa kyau yana ƙara yawaita, kuma dalilin hakan shine sauyin yanayi da dumamar yanayi ke haifarwa.
A yankin kudu maso gabas yanzu, ana iya ganin tasirin ɗumamar yanayi kai tsaye. Yayin da yankin arewa ke fuskantar sanyi, yankin kudu maso gabas yana fuskantar zafi, inda yanayin zafi ya wuce 40°C a sassa da dama na Kudancin Amurka. Garin Onslow da ke Yammacin Ostiraliya ya sami babban zafin ℃ 50.7, wanda ya karya tarihin mafi girman zafin duniya a yankin kudu maso gabas.
Zafin da ke da matuƙar zafi a yankin kudu yana da alaƙa da tasirin kumbon zafi. A lokacin zafi, busasshe da kuma lokacin zafi, iska mai dumi da ke tashi daga ƙasa ba za ta iya yaɗuwa ba, amma matsin lamba mai yawa na sararin samaniyar duniya yana matsawa zuwa ƙasa, wanda hakan ke sa iskar ta ƙara zafi. Zafin da ke faruwa a Arewacin Amurka a shekarar 2021 shi ma yana faruwa ne sakamakon tasirin kumbon zafi.
A ƙarshen kudancin duniya, yanayin ba shi da kyau. A shekarar 2017, babban dutsen ƙanƙara mai lamba A-68 ya karye daga kankara mai lamba Larsen-C a Antarctica. Yankinsa zai iya kaiwa murabba'in kilomita 5,800, wanda yake kusa da yankin Shanghai.
Bayan da ƙanƙarar ta karye, ta fara yawo a Tekun Kudancin. Ta yi tafiyar kilomita 4,000 a cikin shekara ɗaya da rabi. A wannan lokacin, ƙanƙarar ta ci gaba da narkewa, tana fitar da ruwa mai tsafta har zuwa tan biliyan 152, wanda yayi daidai da ƙarfin ajiyar ruwa na Tafkunan Yammacin Duniya 10,600.
Saboda dumamar yanayi, narkewar sandunan arewa da kudu, wadanda ke kulle a cikin ruwa mai yawa, yana kara karfi, wanda hakan ke haifar da karuwar matakan teku. Ba wai kawai hakan ba, har ma da dumamar ruwan teku yana haifar da fadada yanayin zafi, wanda hakan ke sa teku ta fi girma. Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa matakan teku na duniya yanzu sun fi santimita 16 zuwa 21 fiye da yadda suke a shekaru 100 da suka gabata, kuma a halin yanzu suna karuwa da millimita 3.6 a kowace shekara. Yayin da matakin teku ke ci gaba da karuwa, zai ci gaba da lalata tsibiran da yankunan bakin teku masu karamin tsayi, wanda hakan ke barazana ga rayuwar bil'adama a can.
Ayyukan ɗan adam ba wai kawai suna mamaye ko lalata muhallin dabbobi da tsirrai a cikin yanayi ba ne, har ma suna fitar da adadi mai yawa na carbon dioxide, methane da sauran iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar yanayin zafi a duniya, wanda ke haifar da sauyin yanayi da kuma mummunan yanayi.
An kiyasta cewa akwai nau'ikan halittu kimanin miliyan 10 da ke rayuwa a duniya a halin yanzu. Amma a cikin 'yan ƙarni da suka gabata, nau'ikan halittu har zuwa 200,000 sun mutu. Bincike ya nuna cewa adadin mutuwar nau'ikan halittu a duniya a yanzu ya fi sauri fiye da matsakaicin adadin da aka samu a tarihin duniya, kuma masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa mutuwar nau'ikan halittu ta shida ta zo.
A cikin ɗaruruwan shekaru miliyan da suka gabata a duniya, an sami ɗimbin abubuwan da suka faru na ɓacewar nau'ikan halittu, manya da ƙanana, waɗanda suka faru, ciki har da abubuwa biyar masu matuƙar tsanani na ɓacewar nau'ikan halittu, waɗanda suka sa yawancin nau'ikan halittu suka ɓace daga duniya. Abubuwan da suka haifar da ɓacewar nau'ikan halittu na baya duk sun fito ne daga yanayi, kuma ana kyautata zaton na shida shine sanadin ɗan adam. Dan Adam yana buƙatar yin aiki idan ba ma son ɓacewa kamar yadda kashi 99% na nau'ikan halittu na Duniya suka taɓa yi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-12-2022