Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshauv ya

Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshauv ya thiab nyuaj heev. Cov yam tseem ceeb tswj hwm suav nrog: cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw (feem ntau yog cov iav theem); cov qauv iav; cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv iav (suav nrog cov uas tsim los ntawm kev sib tsoo); dej Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg; qhov faib tawm ntawm cov khoom me me. Cov txheej txheem ntau ntxiv ntawm cov kab tsim cov tshauv ya, cov tshauv ya zoo dua, thiab tus nqi tshauv ya siab dua. Tab sis feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg; ib qho yog tshuaj lom neeg, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog tus lej thiab cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj nquag uas koom nrog thiab txhawb nqa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pozzolanic; qhov tod tes yog lub cev, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem hydration thiab hardening ntawm cement. Cov qauv pob zeb cement tsim tom qab.

1. Cov yam ntxwv tshuaj lom neeg

Vim tias cov iav silica-alumina yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshauv ya, cov yam uas txo cov naj npawb ntawm cov iav lub cev, xws li kev poob loj ntawm kev hluav taws xob thiab ntau theem crystalline, tsis zoo rau kev ua ub no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov iav theem, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv tsis zoo ib yam. Oxides yog cov khoom sib xyaw feem ntau hauv cov tshauv ya, thiab kuj yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom hydration. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog sib txawv thiab qhov kub thiab txias, qib thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov oxides koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration yog txawv. Piv txwv li, hlau tuaj yeem txo qhov melting point ntawm cov tshauv, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim cov iav microbeads. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias hlau oxide muaj peev xwm tsis zoo heev los koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration, feem ntau ntseeg tias cov hlau oxide ntau dhau tsis zoo rau kev ua ub no; me me ntawm alkali hlau oxides tuaj yeem txhawb nqa hydration. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua tiav, tab sis thaum siv cov khoom sib sau ua ke, cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm potassium thiab sodium oxides hauv cov tshauv ya yuav txhawb nqa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm alkaline aggregate, yog li rhuav tshem qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov pob zeb; me me ntawm sulfur trioxide hauv cov tshauv ya muaj Nws yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim cov hydrated calcium silicate thiab kev tsim cov hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate (ettringite) uas pab txhawb rau lub zog thaum ntxov, tab sis ntau dhau ettringite nthuav dav yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem ntim ruaj khov, yog li cov ntsiab lus ntawm sulfur trioxide yuav tsum tsis txhob siab ntawm 3%.

2. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev

Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshauv ya yog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom me me, cov qauv me me thiab lwm yam. Rau ntau hom tshauv ya, qhov xav tau dej tsawg dua ntawm qhov sib xws, qhov ua haujlwm siab dua; qhov qis dua cov pa roj carbon, qhov ua haujlwm siab dua; qhov me dua qhov zoo, qhov ua haujlwm siab dua; hais txog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom me me, iav kheej kheej hauv cov tshauv ya Qhov ntau dua, qhov ua haujlwm siab dua ntawm cov tshauv ya. Los ntawm cov yam ntxwv microstructure E, tus cov tshauv ya nrog cov qauv luv luv silicon-oxygen tetrahedral muaj kev ua haujlwm siab dua.

Qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshauv ya tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov qauv ntawm cov tshauv ya rau qee qhov. Cov khoom me me ntawm cov tshauv ya muaj thaj chaw tshwj xeeb loj dua; lub cev iav nplua nuj calcium muaj cov qauv ntom thiab thaj chaw tshwj xeeb me me; muaj ntau lub cev iav porous. Qhov, thaj chaw tshwj xeeb sib xws yog loj.