Thaum siv cov khoom siv refractory, lawv yooj yim yaj thiab mos los ntawm lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, tshuab thiab lwm yam teebmeem ntawm qhov kub siab (feem ntau 1000 ~ 1800 ° C), lossis raug yaig los ntawm kev yaig, lossis tawg thiab puas tsuaj, uas cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm. Cov khoom muaj kuab paug. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov khoom siv refractory yuav tsum muaj cov khoom uas tuaj yeem hloov kho rau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm. Cov hauv qab no yog 4 qhov ntsuas uas txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub siab ntawm cov khoom siv refractory:
(1) Refractoriness
Refractoriness yog hais txog qhov kub uas cov khoom siv ncav cuag qib tshwj xeeb ntawm kev mos mos nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm qhov kub siab, thiab piav qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tawm tsam qhov kub siab. Refractoriness yog lub hauv paus rau kev txiav txim siab seb cov khoom siv puas tuaj yeem siv ua refractory. Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Txheem Cai hais tias cov khoom siv inorganic tsis yog hlau nrog refractoriness saum toj no 1500 ℃ yog cov khoom siv refractory. Nws txawv ntawm qhov melting point ntawm cov khoom siv thiab yog qhov kev qhia dav dav ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau theem uas muaj ntau yam minerals.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas txiav txim siab qhov refractoriness yog cov tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom. Ntau yam khoom tsis huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj cov tshuaj muaj zog, yuav ua rau cov khoom tsis huv tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum xav txog cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom ntseeg tau thiab txhim kho qhov huv ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
Kev ua kom tsis khov tsis yog qhov ntau ntawm lub cev uas tshwj xeeb rau ib yam khoom, tab sis yog qhov qhia txog kev siv tshuab thaum cov khoom siv mus txog qib mos mos uas ntsuas raws li cov xwm txheej xeem tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom siv xeem raug ua rau hauv lub khob peb ceg luv luv (hu ua lub khob xeem) raws li txoj kev tau teev tseg, thiab lub khob peb ceg luv luv (hu ua lub khob txheem) nrog qhov kub thiab txias ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tshwj xeeb. Kev ua kom sov, thiab kev ua kom tsis khov yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib piv qib ntawm kev khoov ntawm lub khob xeem nrog qib ntawm kev khoov ntawm lub khob txheem. Lub hauv qab qis ntawm lub khob peb ceg luv luv yog 8 hli ntev ntawm txhua sab, lub hauv qab sab saud yog 2 hli ntawm txhua sab, thiab qhov siab yog 30 hli. Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas, theem kua yuav tshwm sim hauv lub pyramid ntawm qhov kub siab. Thaum qhov kub nce ntxiv, qhov ntau ntawm theem kua nce ntxiv, qhov viscosity ntawm theem kua txo qis, thiab lub khob mos. Thaum qhov mos mos mus txog qib twg, lub khob maj mam khoov vim nws qhov hnyav. Thaum lub khob kuaj thiab lub khob txheem raug khoov tib lub sijhawm kom txog thaum lawv lub apex kov lub chassis, qhov kub khoov ntawm lub khob txheem yuav tsum yeej raws li qhov refractoriness ntawm lub khob kuaj.
Kuj tseem hu ua qhov softening point ntawm refractory nyob rau hauv load lossis qhov kub deformation ntawm refractory nyob rau hauv load, nws qhia txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm refractory rau kev ua ke ntawm qhov kub thiab txias siab nyob rau hauv load tas li lossis qhov kub thiab txias uas refractory pom tseeb deformation yas. Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev pabcuam ntawm refractory tuaj yeem xav tau los ntawm qhov kub softening nyob rau hauv load. Qhov kub softening nyob rau hauv load sawv cev rau lub zog ntawm cov refractory nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws ntawm kev siv, thiab tuaj yeem siv ua lub hauv paus rau kev txiav txim siab qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm refractory.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom yog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov khoom siv, uas kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov kub thiab txias sintering ntawm cov khoom siv muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov kub thiab txias deformation thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom. Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias sintering raug nce ntxiv kom tsim nyog, qhov kub thiab txias deformation pib yuav nce ntxiv vim qhov txo qis ntawm porosity, kev loj hlob ntawm cov siv lead ua, thiab kev sib txuas zoo. Kev txhim kho qhov huv ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yaj qis lossis cov kuab tshuaj yuav ua rau qhov kub thiab txias deformation thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom nce ntxiv. Piv txwv li, sodium oxide hauv cov cib av nplaum thiab alumina hauv cov cib silica yog cov oxides txaus ntshai.
(3) Kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv refractory kub siab
Nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab ntev, cov khoom siv refractory tsim cov ntim nthuav dav, uas hu ua kev nthuav dav seem. Qhov loj ntawm qhov nthuav dav seem (deformation) ntawm cov khoom siv refractory qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm qhov ruaj khov ntim kub siab. Qhov me me ntawm qhov seem deformation, qhov zoo dua qhov ruaj khov ntim; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov ntim ruaj khov, qhov yooj yim dua los ua rau deformation lossis puas tsuaj rau lub masonry.
Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kab rov ua dua feem ntau yog siv los txiav txim siab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom siv, uas yog qhov qhia tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv.
Feem ntau cov khoom siv refractory yuav ntsws thaum kub siab. Thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua, feem ntau cov khoom siv refractory yuav ntsws, feem ntau vim tias cov kua dej uas tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm qhov kub siab yuav puv cov qhov hws, yog li cov khoom me me tau nruj dua thiab rub dua Tsis ntev los no, kev rov ua dua tshiab tau tshwm sim, ua rau cov khoom siv ntom ntxiv. Kuj tseem muaj ob peb yam khoom siv uas nthuav dav thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua. Piv txwv li, silica cib nthuav dav vim yog kev hloov pauv polycrystalline thaum siv. Qhov no yog vim tias cov quartz tsis hloov pauv ntawm silica cib yuav txuas ntxiv hloov mus ua tridymite lossis square ntawm qhov kub siab. Quartz, uas nthuav dav hauv qhov ntim, yog li 10% tsis hloov pauv hauv silica cib. Txhawm rau kom txo qhov rov ua dua shrinkage thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom siv, nws yog qhov zoo los ua kom qhov kub ntawm kev hlawv thiab ntev lub sijhawm tuav, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau cov qauv khoom siv vitrification thiab txo qhov thermal shock stability. Vim yog qhov nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom siv quartz hauv cov khoom siv thaum lub sijhawm hlawv thiab siv, uas ua rau qhov shrinkage ntawm av nplaum, qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov cib semi-silica me me, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv tau nthuav dav me ntsis.
(4) Kev ruaj khov ntawm thermal shock
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv refractories los tiv taus kev hloov pauv sai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj hu ua thermal shock stability. Cov khoom no kuj hu ua thermal shock resistance lossis thermal shock resistance.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ntsuas kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv yog cov khoom siv lub cev, xws li kev nthuav dav thermal, thermal conductivity thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau hais lus, qhov siab dua ntawm qhov linear expansion rate ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov tsis zoo ntawm thermal shock stability; qhov siab dua ntawm thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov zoo dua ntawm thermal shock stability. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv me me, cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov duab ntawm cov khoom siv refractory txhua yam muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov thermal shock stability.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-15-2022