I te wā e whakamahia ana ngā rauemi ātete-wai, ka ngāwari te rewa me te whakangawari i ngā pānga ā-tinana, ā-matū, ā-mīhini me ētahi atu pānga i te pāmahana teitei (te nuinga o te wā 1000~1800 °C), ka memeha rānei i te memeha, ka pakaru rānei, ka whakararu i te mahi. He rauemi poke. Nō reira, me whai āhuatanga te rauemi ātete-wai ka taea te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē. E whai ake nei ngā tohu e 4 e whakatau ana i te mahi pāmahana teitei o ngā rauemi ātete-wai:
(1) Ātete-ātete
Ko te ātete-whakarewa e pā ana ki te pāmahana e tae atu ai te rauemi ki tētahi taumata whakangawari motuhake i raro i te pānga o te pāmahana teitei, ā, e whakaahua ana i te mahi a te rauemi ki te pānga pāmahana teitei. Ko te ātete-whakarewa te pūtake mō te whakatau mēnā ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi rauemi hei ātete-whakarewa. E whakatau ana te Whakahaere Paerewa o te Ao ko ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa kore-waro me te ātete-whakarewa neke atu i te 1500 ℃ he rauemi ātete-whakarewa. He rerekē tēnei i te ira rewa o te rauemi, ā, ko te whakaaturanga whānui o te ranunga o ngā totoka maha-wāhanga i hangaia mai i ngā kohuke rerekē.
Ko te mea tino nui e whakatau ana i te ātete o te rauemi ko te hanganga matū o ngā kohuke me te tohatoha o te rauemi. Ka tino whakaitihia te ātete o te rauemi e ngā momo wāhanga poke, inā koa ko ērā he kaha te pānga o te whakarewa. Nō reira, me whai whakaaro ki ngā mahi tika i roto i te tukanga whakaputa hei whakarite me te whakapai ake i te parakore o ngā rauemi mata.
Ehara te ātete i te rahinga ā-tinana tino motuhake mō tētahi matū, engari he tohu hangarau whanaunga ina tae te rauemi ki tētahi taumata whakangawari motuhake i inehia i raro i ngā tikanga whakamātautau motuhake. Ka hangaia te rauemi whakamātautau hei kōne tapatoru porotaka (e kiia ana ko te kōne whakamātautau) e ai ki te tikanga kua whakaritea, me tētahi kōne tapatoru porotaka paerewa (e kiia ana ko te kōne paerewa) me te pāmahana piko pumau i tētahi tere whakamahana motuhake. Ka whakatauhia te whakamahana, me te ātete mā te whakataurite i te taumata piko o te kōne whakamātautau ki te taumata piko o te kōne paerewa. Ko te raro o raro o te kōne tapatoru porotaka he 8mm te roa i ia taha, ko te raro o runga he 2mm i ia taha, ā, ko te teitei he 30mm. I te wā e ine ana, ka puta pea he āhua wai i roto i te pīramiti i te pāmahana teitei. I te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka piki ake te nui o te āhua wai, ka heke te matotoru o te āhua wai, ā, ka ngawari te kōne. Ina tae te whakangawari ki tētahi taumata, ka piko haere te kōne nā tōna ake taumaha. Ina pikohia te koeko whakamātautau me te koeko paerewa i te wā kotahi kia pā tō rāua pito ki te anga, ko te pāmahana piko kua whakaritea o te koeko paerewa ka pā ki te ātete o te koeko whakamātautau.
E mōhiotia ana hoki ko te pūwāhi whakangawari o te ātete i raro i te kawenga, ko te pāmahana whakarerekētanga rānei o te ātete i raro i te kawenga, e tohu ana i te ātete o te ātete ki te mahi tahi o te pāmahana teitei me te kawenga i raro i te kawenga pumau, i te awhe pāmahana rānei e whakaatu ana te ātete i te whakarerekētanga kirihou mārama. Ka taea te whakatau i te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi o te ātete mai i te pāmahana whakangawari i raro i te kawenga. Ko te pāmahana whakangawari i raro i te kawenga e tohu ana i te kaha hanganga o te ātete i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga rite, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei pūtake mō te whakatau i te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi o te ātete.
Ko te mea matua e whakatau ana i te pāmahana whakangawari i raro i te kawenga ko te hanganga matū o te rauemi, e pā tika ana ki te tukanga whakaputa o te rauemi. He nui te awe o te pāmahana whakangawari o te rauemi ki te pāmahana whakarerekētanga whakangawari i raro i te kawenga. Mena ka whakanuia tika te pāmahana whakangawari, ka piki ake te pāmahana whakarerekētanga tīmatanga nā te hekenga o te porosity, te tipu o ngā tioata, me te pai o te hononga. Mā te whakapai ake i te parakore o ngā rauemi mata me te whakaiti i te ihirangi iti o te rewa, te whakarewa rānei ka whakanui ake i te pāmahana whakarerekētanga whakangawari i raro i te kawenga. Hei tauira, ko te waikura konutai i roto i ngā pereki uku me te alumina i roto i ngā pereki silica he waikura kino katoa.
(3) Te pumau o te rōrahi pāmahana teitei o ngā rauemi ātete
I raro i te pānga o te pāmahana teitei mō te wā roa, ka puta te whānui o te rōrahi i roto i te rauemi ātete-hau, e kiia nei ko te whānui toenga. Ko te rahi o te whānui toenga (whakarerekētanga) o te rauemi ātete-hau e whakaata ana i te kounga o te pumau o te rōrahi pāmahana teitei. Ko te iti o te whakarerekētanga toenga, ko te pai ake o te pumau o te rōrahi; engari, ko te kino o te pumau o te rōrahi, ko te māmā ake o te whakarerekētanga, te kino rānei o te pakitara.
Ko te whakarerekētanga o te rārangi tahu anō e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i te pumau o te rōrahi pāmahana tiketike o te rauemi, he tohu nui tēnei mō te aromatawai i te kounga o te rauemi.
Ka mimiti te nuinga o ngā rauemi ātete-wai i raro i te mana o te pāmahana teitei. I te wā e tahuna ana, ka mimiti te nuinga o ngā rauemi ātete-wai, nā te mea ka whakakīia ngā pūwero e te wai i hangaia e te rauemi i te pāmahana teitei, kia kaha ake ai te whakakī me te kume o ngā matūriki. Nō nā tata nei, i puta te whakakōkī anō, ka arahi ki te whakakīkī anō o te rauemi. He iti noa ngā rauemi ka whānui i te wā e tahuna ana. Hei tauira, ka whānui te pereki silica nā te panonitanga polycrystalline i te wā e whakamahia ana. Nā te mea ka tonu te hurihanga o te quartz kāore i hurihia o te pereki silica hei tridymite, hei tapawhā rānei i te pāmahana teitei. Ko te quartz, e whānui ana te rōrahi, he tata ki te 10% kāore i hurihia i roto i ngā pereki silica. Hei whakaiti i te mimiti me te whānui o te rauemi ina tahuna anō, he pai te whakanui ake i te pāmahana tahuna me te whakaroa i te wā pupuri, engari kaua e tino teitei, ki te kore ka puta te whakakōkī o te hanganga rauemi, ka whakaiti i te pumau o te ru wera. Nā te whānui haere o ngā matūriki kuata i roto i te rauemi i te wā e tahuna ana, e whakamahia ana hoki, e whakakore ana i te mimiti o te uku, he iti noa te panonitanga o te rōrahi o ngā pereki haurua-hiriwa, ā, he paku whānui haere ētahi.
(4) Te pumau o te ru wera
Ko te kaha o ngā whare whakakākahu ki te ātete i ngā huringa tere o te pāmahana me te kore e pakaru ka kiia ko te pumau o te ru wera. E mōhiotia ana hoki tēnei āhuatanga ko te ātete ru wera, ko te ātete ru wera rānei.
Ko te mea nui e pā ana ki te taupū pumau o te ru wera o te rauemi ko ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te rauemi, pērā i te whānui o te wera, te kawe wera me ērā atu mea. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te teitei ake o te tere whānui raina o te rauemi, ko te kino ake o te pumau o te ru wera; ko te teitei ake o te kawe wera o te rauemi, ko te pai ake o te pumau o te ru wera. Hei tāpiri, ko te hanganga moroiti, te hanganga matūriki me te āhua o te rauemi ātete ka pā ki te pumau o te ru wera.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-15-2022