Te tikanga mō te tautuhi i te pungarehu rere

He nui te whanariki, te whanariki rānei (pērā i te gypsum, me ētahi atu) kei roto i te pungarehu rere o ēnei rā, he rerekē tēnei i te pungarehu rere tuku iho. Mēnā ka whakamahia ki te raima me te kore whakamātautau, ka pakaru kino, ka memeha hoki te raima. Ahakoa he herenga kei roto i ngā paerewa pungarehu rere o nāianei mō te ihirangi SO3, kāore e tika ana te tirotiro me te whakatau i te "punga kore whanariki".

(2) "Pungarehu whakakore i te waikawa"
Hei whakaiti i te tukunga o te NOx i roto i te tukanga tahunga waro, me whakahaere te maimoatanga "denitation" i te wā o te tukanga tahunga waro. Mēnā he hē te tukanga denitration, ka hua ake pea he toenga NH4 i roto i te pungarehu rere. Ina konatunatua te pungarehu rere ki te sima, ka tūtaki ki te kawakore. Ka tukuna e te taiao te NH3 (hau haukini), e whakaputa ana i te nui o te hau i roto i te wāhanga kirihou o te raima.

(3) "Pungarehu mangu e mānu ana"
I roto i ngā hangarau tahu waro hou, hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tahu waro, i ētahi whakaritenga whakahaere motuhake rānei o ngā tipu hiko, ka tāpirihia te tīhiera, ētahi atu matū hinu rānei hei āwhina tahu i roto i te tukanga tahu waro. Kāore e taea te tahu katoa i ēnei āwhina tahu, ā, ka noho tonu ki roto i te pungarehu rere. Hinu. Ina koa i muri i te whakarōpūtanga o te pungarehu rere, ka nui ake te hinu kāore i tahuna i roto i te pungarehu rere kua kohia, e whakamahia ana hei whakaranu i te raima. Ka rere ake ēnei hinu, ka puta hei hinu pango rere i roto i te raima. Ka kiia tēnei momo pungarehu rere ko te "pungarehu pango rere".

Me pēhea te tautuhi?
(1) Me pēhea te kite
Ka taea e ngā kaitirotiro mohio te mōhio ki te pai me te ngaronga o te mura o te pungarehu rere mā te mātakitaki noa i te tae o te pungarehu rere.
He rite te āhua o te pungarehu rere ki te sima, ā, he rerekē te tae mai i te mā miraka ki te hina-mangu. He tohu kounga nui te tae o te pungarehu rere e whakaata ana i te nui me te rerekētanga o te ihirangi waro, ā, ki tētahi taumata, ka taea hoki e ia te whakaata i te pungarehu rere. Te pai. Ko te pouri ake o te tae, ko te pai ake o te rahi o te matūriki o te pungarehu rere, ā, ko te teitei ake o te ihirangi waro.

Ka wehea te pungarehu rere ki te pungarehu rere iti-konupūmā me te pungarehu rere nui-konupūmā. Ko te tikanga, he kowhai te tae o te pungarehu rere nui-konupūmā, ā, he hina te tae o te pungarehu rere iti-konupūmā. He hanganga honikoma pūwero ngā matūriki pungarehu rere, he whānui te horahanga mata motuhake, ā, he kaha te mimiti. Ko te rahi o te matūriki kei waenga i te 0.5 ki te 300 μm. Hei tāpiri, he hanganga pūwero te pakitara pītiti, he pūwero teitei tae atu ki te 50% ki te 80%, ā, he kaha te mimiti wai.

Haunga te āhua tūturu, ka taea hoki te tāpiri wai me te whakaoho kia kitea te pungarehu rere. I roto i te ipu wai, tāpirihia he nui o te pungarehu rere e tika ana kia tere te whakaoho kia ōrite te āhua, kia tirohia ai mēnā he pungarehu pango e mānu ana i runga i te mata o te wai, kia tirohia ai te nui o te waro i roto i te pungarehu rere; mēnā he pango te tae o te pungarehu rere, ā, he kakara rerekē, he pata hinu, me waiho tēnei momo pungarehu rere hei putty mānu, ā, me whakahoki.

I muri i te whakaohokia o te pungarehu whakakorenga whanariki kei roto ko te CaO kore utu nui ake me te SO3 ki te wai, ka huri te otinga hei kawakore, ā, ka ringihia he matū phenolphthalein ki roto, ka puta he whero. Hei ārai i te pakaru o te raima nā te whānui haere o te Ca(OH) 2 me te konupūmā sulfoaluminate waikura, me whakahoki te hua.

Tuarua, ka hongi koe i te kakara. Tangohia he nui e tika ana o te pungarehu rere me te sima ki roto i te beaker ka tāpirihia he wai ka whakaoho kia hanga he paru. Ki te hongi koe i te kakara haukini kakara, ka taea te kī he pungarehu denitrified te pungarehu rere.

Tirohia mā te karuārai! Hei tautuhi i te pungarehu rūpahu, me tātari tuatahi. I te nuinga o te wā, ko ngā matūriki pungarehu rere he iti ake te rahi o te matūriki he maeneene ake, he porowhita karāhe i raro i te karuārai (mā te whakamahi i te karuārai neke atu i te 100 ngā wā), ā, ko te mata o ngā matūriki he nui ake te rahi o te matūriki he koretake engari he porowhita anō hoki. Ki te nui rawa te paura onepū whenua, te paura kōhatu, te paura para kohua e konatunatua ana, ka nui ake ngā matūriki koretake i ia taumata rahi o te matūriki, inā koa i te taumata rahi o te matūriki iti, ka puta he koretake, he koki hoki.

Me mau mai he karu hiko hei wehewehe? Ko tētahi tikanga māmā ko: tangohia kia 1kg pea te nui o te pungarehu rere ka maka ki roto i tētahi peihana, kātahi ka tāpirihia he wai ki roto, ka whakaohokia me te tāpiri wai kia tata kī tonu, kātahi ka tirohia mēnā he paparanga mā e mānu ana i runga i te mata o te wai, mēnā he tino. He pono, ki te kore, he rūpahu.

Mō te pungarehu rere, me tatari tuatahi. I te nuinga o te wā, he maeneene ake ngā pōro karāhe o ngā matūriki pungarehu rere o te akomanga rahi matūriki iti i raro i te karu tirotiro, ā, he āhua koretake te mata o ngā matūriki o te akomanga rahi matūriki nui engari he porowhita te āhua. Mēnā he nui rawa te paura onepū whenua, te paura kōhatu, te paura para kohua e konatunatua ana, ka nui ake ngā matūriki koretake i roto i ia akomanga rahi matūriki, inā koa i roto i te akomanga rahi matūriki iti.

He tino pakari ngā paerewa ā-motu me ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga o te pungarehu rere tūturu, tae atu ki ngā paerewa hanganga matū me te irahiko tino pakari. Ngā whakaritenga mō te takai, he mārama ngā paerewa karaehe. He mangu me te kōwhai te tae, he paura, he tino angiangi ngā matūriki, he pai te āhua o te ringa, he maroke, ā, he iti rawa te makuku. Ko te nuinga o te pungarehu rere rūpahu he mea hanga mai i te paura kōhatu, te paura pereki i konatunatua ki te iti o te pungarehu rere, te para rānei, ā, ko ētahi, ko te katoa rānei, he mea takai tika ki te paura kōhatu. Kāore te pungarehu rere rūpahu i te matotoru, ā, kāore he mahi. He mā te tae, ā, he tino poke ētahi tae. He taratara, he mākū te āhua o te ringa, ā, he rerekē te putea takai. Kia aro ki ngā take o runga ake nei i te wā e hoko ana i te pungarehu rere kia taea ai e koe te hoko pungarehu rere kounga teitei.

(2) Me pēhea te whakahaere i te tauira whakaae?
Hurihia te tikanga me te tūranga o te tauira tuku iho, arā, he whakapiripiri i tētahi taputapu tauira motuhake ki runga i te paipa rino whāngai pungarehu rere me te diameter o te 100mm i te teitei poutū o te 1.5 mita mai i te whenua, ka taea te whiriwhiri matapōkere i ngā wā katoa i te wā e tangohia ana te pungarehu rere. Tangohia ngā tauira ka whakamōhio atu ki te kaiwhakarato pungarehu rere ki te marea mēnā ka kitea he rerekē ngā hua o ngā tauira e rua i roto i te waka kotahi, ka whiua nuitia rātou.