Mehemea ka kīia ko te raima te rauemi hanga whare rongonui me te mea noa o te ao, kāore he tautohe. Ko te raima te rauemi e whakamahia nuitia ana i te ao, tuarua i te wai.
Ko te Konukura Whakakaha muka tētahi o ngā auahatanga maha i whakawhanakehia hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga kaha me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te konukura.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tirohia e mātou te raima whakakaha muka, he aha tēnei raima, ōna momo rerekē, me ngā painga, ā, ka kitea hoki mēnā he pai tēnei ranunga raima māu.
He aha te mea muka Konukura Whakakaha?
Ko te raima muka-whakapakari (FRC) he raima hou kua whakapakaritia ki ngā rauemi muka. Hei tauira, ko ngā muka maitai roa. Mā tēnei tikanga whakapakari ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te raima noa.
He maha ngā momo rauemi muka e whakamahia ana hei hanga raima muka-whakapakari. Nā te rongonui o tēnei momo raima kua hangaia ngā momo momo raima muka-whakapakari i runga i ngā whakaritenga tono.
He aha te mea hanga o te raima whakakaha muka?
Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te raima whakakaha muka ko:
Sima Waipēhi
Ko te wāhanga matua o te raima muka-whakapakari ko te sima waipēhi, ka piri i muri i te tauhohenga ki te wai. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te sima Portland hei sima waipēhi i roto i te raima muka-whakapakari.
muka
Mā te tāpiri i ngā muka roa ka whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o te raima hou i runga i te momo rauemi muka e whakamahia ana. E whā ngā momo muka e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei hanga raima whakakaha muka. Ko ēnei muka raima ko:
muka maitai
muka karāhe
muka hangai
Ngā muka taiao
Ngā Whakakotahitanga
Mā te kirikiri ka kaha te here o te raima, ā, ka whakaitihia te nui o te sima e hiahiatia ana. Ko ētahi o ngā kirikiri e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te onepu, te kōhatu kuru, me te kirikiri.
Hītori Poto o te FRC
Kua roa te FRC e whakamahia ana, engari kua pai ake ngā muka raima. I ngā wā o mua, i te wā i hangaia ai ngā whare mā te whakamahi i ngā kōhatu, ko te moata te mea e hono ana i a rātou. I whakapakaritia te moata mā te whakamahi i te huruhuru hōiho.
Waihoki, i roto i te hanganga pereki paru, ko te kakau witi te rauemi whakakaha matua. I te wā i noho ai te raima hei rauemi hanga whare tino noa, i whakamahia ngā muka asbestos hei whakakaha.
Heoi, i te haere tonu o ngā tekau tau, ka mōhio ake te iwi ki ngā tūponotanga hauora o te asbestos me te āhua o tana whakaputanga mate pukupuku. I te tekau tau atu i 1960, i te utu mō te asbestos, ka rongonui haere ētahi atu muka pēnei i te maitai me te karāhe.
He aha te pānga o ngā muka ki te raima?
He maha ngā pānga o te tāpiri muka ki te raima. Ka rerekē te rahi o ēnei i runga i ngā muka motuhake e whakamahia ana. Ko te whakapainga o te kaha kawe kawenga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha, pērā i te maha o ngā muka whakapakari e pā ana ki te rōrahi katoa, e kiia nei ko te wāhanga rōrahi, me te ōwehenga āhua, i whiwhihia mā te wehewehe i te roa o te muka ki te diameter o te muka e pā ana.
Ko te mahi matua a ngā muka he whakaiti i te ngatata o te raima mā te whakapai ake i tōna kaha piko. Ka pakaru te raima nā te mimiti o te raima. He maha ngā take ka mimiti te raima, pērā i te mimiti maroke me te mimiti kirihou.
Waihoki, ka whakaitihia e ngā muka te urunga o te raima, ka kore ai e turuturu te wai mā roto i ngā hanganga raima.
He aha ngā momo raima whakakaha muka?
He maha ngā momo raima whakakaha muka e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono rongonui. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
Konukura Whakakaha Muka Rino
Ko te raima whakakaha muka rino tētahi o ngā momo FRC tino whānuitia. Mā te tāpiri i ngā muka rino whakakaha ki te raima, ahakoa he iti noa, ka nui ake ngā whakapainga o ngā āhuatanga o te raima.
E whakamahia ana te raima whakakaha muka rino mō ngā mahi e hiahiatia ana he raima taumaha pērā i ngā piriti, ngā papa, ngā kauhanga, te keri maina, ngā mea whakarewa i mua i te hanganga, me ētahi atu.
He maha ngā momo muka maitai e whakamahia ana hei whakapakari i te raima, pērā i te waea kumea matao (Momo 1), ngā muka maitai pepa tapahi (Momo 2), te waea rewa i tangohia (Momo 3), te waea mira i tapahia (Momo 4), me te waea kumea matao kua whakarerekētia (Momo 5).
Konukura Whakakaha Muka Polypropylene (PFRC)
Ka whakamahia e te PFRC ngā muka hangai e kiia nei ko ngā muka Polypropylene, he momo thermoplastic. He maha ngā painga o te tāpiri polypropylene ki te raima, ā, ka matapakihia e tātou ēnei i te wāhanga e whai ake nei.
He maha ngā āhuatanga o te polypropylene ki te polythene, arā, he pai ake ngā āhuatanga whakapakeke, he kaha piko, he ātete wera nui ake.
Hei tāpiritanga, he tino ātete tēnei muka ki ngā matū pēnei i ngā waikawa me ngā whakarewa waro, ā, he rite tonu ngā āhuatanga ki te raima.
Konukura Whakakaha Muka Karāhe (GFRC)
He maha ngā matūriki karāhe iti kei roto i te ranunga raima whakakaha muka karāhe. Me pēhea te whakapakari ake i te raima?
Ahakoa he angiangi te mata karāhe nui, he tino kaha te hanganga o te muka karāhe. Haunga tēnei kaha, he iti te utu o ngā muka, ā, he iti ake te utu o te ranunga raima whakamutunga i ngā momo raima kē atu pērā i te muka maitai, te raima whakakaha.
Ko ngā muka ōrite i tāpirihia ki te kirihou ka hua ake he rauemi hiato muka karāhe me ngā āhuatanga kaha kume tino pai.
Konukura Whakakaha Muka Polyester
Kei te wātea ngā muka polyester mō te raima whakakaha-muka hei muka moroiti me hei muka nui. Ka whai wāhi ngā muka polyester ki te ātete pakaru o tēnei momo raima whakakaha-muka.
He pakari ake te raima whakakaha muka polyester me te hanganga pai ake. Nā te roa o te mau o tēnei momo raima, he mea pai mō ngā papa ahumahi, ngā papa whare putunga, ngā hanganga kua oti te hanga, ngā paparanga, me ngā tono arumoni rite tonu.
Konukura Whakakaha Muka Waro
Kua rongo koe i te maitai muka waro? He rite tonu te ariā mō te raima whakakaha muka waro.
Ahakoa he uaua ake te tāpiri muka waro ki te raima i te tāpiri sima, karāhe rānei, he pakari, he kaha hoki te raima e puta mai ana. Heoi, ki te pakari rawa, ka pakarukaru ake te raima (pērā i te maitai waro).
muka hangai nui Konukura Whakakaha
I puta mai te whakamahi i ngā muka hanga-rahi i roto i te raima hei whakakapi mō te whakakaha maitai. Heoi anō, he utu nui te whakakaha maitai hei tāpiri atu ki te raima.
Nā te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga, ehara i te mea he huarahi kē atu ngā muka hanga-nui. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei muka, inā koa i roto i ngā hanganga e tautokona ana e te whenua.
Tērā pea ka waikura te maitai whakakaha i ngā wāhi he nui te haumākū, pērā i ngā taiao moana, ā, ka pāngia ngā muka karāhe e te mōrearea o te pakaru. He kaha te ātete o ngā muka hanga-rahi ki ēnei āhuatanga, nō reira he mea nui hei tāpiri atu ki te raima i roto i ēnei taiao.
Konukura Whakakaha Muka Taiao
I ahu mai ngā muka taiao i ngā tipu, i ngā kararehe, me ngā kohuke taiao. E ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i te wāhanga mō te hītori o te FRC, kua whakamahia ngā muka taiao i roto i te tukanga hanga mai anō i ngā wā onamata.
Ahakoa kei hea te raima e whakamahia ana, ka nui tonu ngā muka taiao. Ka āwhina hoki ēnei muka ki te whakaiti i te utu o te hanga FRC.
Ko ētahi muka taiao ko te miro, te kakau witi, te rakau, me ngā kākano.
He aha ngā painga o te whakamahi i te konukura whakakaha muka
He maha ngā painga o te tāpiri muka rerekē ki te raima. Ka whakarōpūtia te raima whakakaha muka i runga i te muka i tāpirihia. Ko ngā painga motuhake o te FRC ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo FRC e whakamahia ana.
I te nuinga o te wā, anei ngā painga e pā ana ki ētahi momo raima muka-whakapakari noa:
Whakakaha muka karāhe
Ka whakanui ake te whakakaha muka karāhe i te kaha hanganga o te raima, engari kāore e tino piki ake ngā utu. Ko te karāhe tētahi o ngā rauemi muka iti te utu.
Ka whakamahia tēnei momo whakapakari hei whakarei ake i te ataahua o te hanganga raima. Ka kitea ngā muka poto, motuhake hoki i roto i te hanganga raima i muri i tōna maroke.
Ka tāpirihia e tēnei tikanga whakakaha te kaha kume ki ngā wāhi katoa, he rerekē ki ngā whakakaha tuku iho e whakamahi ana i ngā pae rino, e herea ana te kaha kume ki te ahunga o ngā pae.
Whakakaha muka maitai
Ko te rino te mea e whakarato ana i te kaha hanganga teitei rawa atu i roto i te raima whakakaha muka.
Mā te tāpiri i ngā muka rino, ka iti ake ngā whakakaha rino e hiahiatia ana mō te raima.
He nui ake te ātete o ngā muka ki ngā pānga me ngā karawarawa.
Kua pai ake te ātete ki te rewa me ētahi atu āhuatanga pāmahana o te whare.
Ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te ngatata mā te whakaiti i te whānui o ngā ngatata.
Ngā muka polypropylene me te whakapakari raima nairona
Ka taea te papu i te raima i tawhiti mā te whakanui ake i ngā āhuatanga piripono.
Ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te pāmahana (hei tauira, te ātete ki te rewa).
Ka whakarei ake i te ngāwari o te raima, ka whakaiti hoki i tōna āhua pakarukaru.
Mēnā ka pā mai he ahi, ka ātete ngā hanganga raima he muka polypropylene me ngā muka nairona ki te pakaru pahū.
Ko ngā hua he ātete nui ki te pānga me te ātete ki te karawarawa.
He aha ngā whakamahinga o te raima whakakaha muka?
Ka rerekē pea te momo FRC e whakamahia ana i runga i te kaupapa hanga motuhake. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te nuinga o ngā kaupapa hangarau ā-iwi e whakamahi ana i te FRC. Hei tauira::
Ngā pakitara
Papa
Ngā tāhuna
Ngā ara rere
Ngā Rori
Ngā paipa raima
Ngā Piriti
Papa whare putunga
Ngā poka wai
Ngā kauhanga
Ngā papa whāriki
Me pēhea te kimi i te raima whakakaha muka?
E mōhio ana koe i nāianei, ehara i te mea kotahi te hua o te raima whakakaha muka. He rerekē ngā raima me ngā tikanga whakakaha rerekē ka hua ake he āhuatanga whakarei ake.
He muka maitai kaha-teitei kei reira hei whakanui ake i te hanganga o te hanganga raima. Waihoki, he kaha ngawari te karāhe me ngā rauemi muka hangai engari he iti ake te utu.
Nā Raniera Ākin
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-07-2023