Zipangizo zosapanga mawonekedwe zomwe zimatha kupopedwa pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri ndikulowetsedwa pankhope yogwirira ntchito zimatchedwa zida zobayira zokana. Mwachidule, mtundu uliwonse wa chinthu choponyedwa kapena chilichonse chodziyendera chokha komanso zinthu zopopera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zopopera zouma kapena zinthu zopopera zonyowa, zimangofunika kusintha kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera. Zipangizo zopopera zokana mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa zinthu zosapanga mawonekedwe zokana, zomwe ndi mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zosapanga mawonekedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi abwino mutawonjezera madzi ndikusakaniza popanda kuwombera ndi kukakamiza. Kapangidwe kake ka masonry kali ndi malo ochepa olumikizirana, umphumphu wolimba, mpweya wabwino, ndipo zimatha kupewa kulowa kwa ufa. Nthawi yomweyo, poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe zokana, zinthu zokana jet zili ndi makhalidwe awa:
(1) N'zosavuta kuimanga ndipo imatha kuletsa khoma kutuluka.
(2) Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta, mphamvu ya ntchito ndi yochepa, mphamvu ya zomangamanga ndi yayikulu, ndipo makina omangira ng'anjo amatha kuchitika.
(3) Nthawi yotumizira ndi yochepa, ndipo katundu ndi ndalama zake zitha kuchepetsedwa moyenerera.
Zipangizo zophulitsira mpweya woipa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zophwanyika zomwe zimapanga izi zimatchedwa refractory aggregate, ndipo zinthu zophwanyika zimatchedwa admixture (ufa woipa kapena ufa wabwino), komanso zomangira ndi zowonjezera.
1. Njira yomangira zinthu zopopera zokana kukana
Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zomwe zimapoperedwa pa thupi la mkati (nkhope yogwirira ntchito) zilili, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: njira yojambulira zinthu zozizira ndi njira yojambulira zinthu zosungunuka kapena zosungunuka pang'ono. Yomalizayi ikuphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi.
Njira yopopera moto: Zipangizozo zimapopera pa waya wogwirira ntchito ndi lawi la mpweya wa propane. Panthawi yopopera, kutentha kwambiri, zinthuzo zimakhala zosungunuka kapena zosungunuka pang'ono, zimapopera mwachindunji pa waya wotentha kwambiri, ndikumizidwa pamwamba pa waya. Kale, zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zipilala za uvuni, koma sizigwiritsidwanso ntchito kawirikawiri.
Njira yopopera ya plasma: Zinthuzo zimapopera ngati ionic, zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pazinthu zotsutsana ndi madzi.
Njira yothira zinyalala: monga kuthira zinyalala za chosinthira kuti chiteteze ng'anjo, chisakanizo cha zinthu zotsutsa ndi zinyalala chimawulutsidwa ndikupopera pamwamba pa chosinthira pogwiritsa ntchito mkondo wa oxygen wothamanga kwambiri. Ndi ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wowongolera moyo wa chosinthira.
Yoyamba ndiyo njira yopopera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yomwe imaphatikizapo njira yopopera youma ndi njira yopopera yonyowa.
Njira yodutsira madzi youma: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chodutsira madzi chouma. Zinthu zouma zimalowa mu ng'oma yozungulira ya nsalu kuchokera mu silo. Ng'oma ya nsalu imazungulira pa ngodya inayake. Khomo lapamwamba ndi njira ya mpweya ya compressor zimanyamulidwa kupita pafupi ndi nozzle kuti zigwirizane ndi madzi. Zinthuzo zikasakanizidwa ndi madzi mu nozzle, zimapopera ku mzere wogwirira ntchito. Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimatulutsidwa zimamatiridwa pa mzere wogwirira ntchito, ndipo gawo lake limabwerera ndikugwa pansi. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatayika ndi rebound ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga refractory yotulutsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, rebound rate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza momwe zinthu zotulutsidwa zimagwirira ntchito. Rebound rate ikatsika, zimakhala bwino. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza rebound rate: makamaka kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuthamanga kwa mphepo ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya.
Njira yopopera madzi ndi njira yomwe chopopera madzi chokhala ndi madzi abwino chimapopedwa kupita ku nozzle kudzera mu payipi, ndipo chimapopedwa pa chingwe chogwirira ntchito ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri mu nozzle. Njirayi ili ndi magawo anayi akuluakulu: kusakaniza, kupopera, kupopera ndi kulimbitsa. Njira yosakaniza ndi kupopera madzi si yosiyana kwambiri ndi zinthu wamba zopopera madzi ndi zinthu zopopera madzi, zomwe zimafuna kusakaniza kofanana komanso kugwira ntchito bwino pompa madzi.
Kale, njira yopopera madzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza zipilala za uvuni, pomwe njira yopopera madzi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji pa zipilala. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji popanga zipilala ndi zipilala za uvuni zosiyanasiyana. Ubwino wake ndi njira yosavuta, yopanda chitsanzo, yotsika mtengo komanso yothamanga kwambiri.
2. Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira mu njira yopopera
(1) Zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha njira yopopera youma:
Kuchuluka kwa madzi owonjezeredwa kuyenera kukhala koyenera: ngati kuchuluka kwa madzi owonjezeredwa kuli kochepa kwambiri, zinthuzo sizinyowa bwino, ndipo zinthu zouma zidzabwezedwanso mosavuta; ngati kuchuluka kwa madzi owonjezeredwa kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, chophimba chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kupopera chimakhala chosavuta kuyenda, zomwe zimachepetsanso mphamvu ya kuyamwa.
Kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa spray ziyenera kukhala zoyenera: pamene tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta spray ndi tating'onoting'ono kwambiri, mphamvu ya tinthu ta spray pamwamba pa spray ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo n'zosavuta kubwereranso; ngati ndi tating'ono kwambiri, chipangizocho sichimamatira mokwanira ku chinthucho ndipo n'chosavuta kugwa.
Mtunda ndi ngodya pakati pa nozzle ya mfuti yopopera ndi malo opopera ziyenera kukhala zoyenera: pewani mphamvu yopopera zinthuzo pamalo opopera ndi yayikulu kwambiri kapena yaying'ono kwambiri. Mfuti yopopera iyenera kusunthidwa mmwamba ndi pansi, kumanzere ndi kumanja kuti zitsimikizire kuti makulidwe ofanana a gawo lopopera ndi ofanana.
Kukhuthala kwa kupopera kulikonse sikuyenera kukhala kokhuthala kwambiri: kokhuthala kwambiri ndikosavuta kuchotsa, nthawi zambiri osapitirira 50mm.
Yang'anirani pulasitiki ndi kuuma kwa zinthuzo: zinthuzo zitha kumizidwa bwino pa chopopera chopopera, ndipo zitha kulimba mwachangu kuti zipeze mphamvu inayake.
(2) Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza njira yonyowa. Zinthu zazikulu ndi izi:
Kapangidwe ka zinthu zopopera Choyamba, ziyenera kukhala ndi kapangidwe koyenera ka tinthu tating'onoting'ono, chiŵerengero cha aggregate ndi matrix ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Ndi mgwirizano woyenera, gawo la matrix likhoza kumamatiridwa bwino pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Gawo lomatirira siliyenera kukhala lokhuthala kwambiri kapena lopyapyala kwambiri, kuti zitsimikizire kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kukhala ndi pulasitiki wabwino ndikumatirira ku gawo la zinthu zikamapopera pa gawo la zinthu. Ma flocculants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, polysodium chloride, calcium chloride, aluminium sulfate, potassium calcium sulfate, ndi zina zotero.
Ngati kuthamanga kwa jet ndi liwiro la mpweya wa jet zili zochepa kwambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono sitingagwirizane bwino ndi zinthuzo, ndipo ngati zili zazikulu kwambiri, zimabwerera m'mbuyo mosavuta.
Mtunda ndi ngodya pakati pa mfuti yopopera ndi thupi lopopera zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kumatirira kwa gawo la zinthuzo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-15-2022