Zotetezera kutentha zimatanthauza zotetezera kutentha zomwe zili ndi ma porosity ambiri, kuchuluka kochepa, komanso kutentha kochepa, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zotetezera kutentha. Kuphatikiza zinthu zotetezera kutentha, ulusi wotsutsa, ndi zinthu zotetezera ulusi. Malinga ndi kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito: zinthu zotetezera kutentha kochepa, kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumakhala kotsika kuposa 900 ℃, monga njerwa zotetezera kutentha za diatomite, zinthu zokulitsa silika, matabwa a calcium a silica, zinthu zokulitsa perlite, ndi zina zotero; zotetezera kutentha kwapakati, kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito 900 ~ 1200℃, monga njerwa zotetezera kutentha za dongo, ulusi wotsutsa aluminiyamu, ndi zina zotero; Zipangizo zotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri zomwe zimateteza kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kogwiritsidwa ntchito kumaposa 1200℃, monga njerwa zotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri za aluminiyamu, njerwa zotenthetsera kutentha za alumina, njerwa zotenthetsera zoteteza siliceous, njerwa za alumina zopanda kanthu, njerwa za zirconia zopanda kanthu, ulusi wofewa wa alumina wopanda kanthu, ulusi wofewa wa polycrystalline (ulusi wa polycrystalline alumina, ulusi wa polycrystalline zirconia, ulusi wa polycrystalline mullite), ndi zina zotero.
Kupanga zinthu zotetezera kutentha kumagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zingapange kapangidwe ka mapokoso, monga njira yopepuka ya zinthu zopangira, njira yotenthetsera, njira ya thovu, ndi njira ya mankhwala. Ulusi wotsutsa wa amorphous, monga ulusi wotsutsa wa aluminiyamu silicate, ulusi wotsutsa wa alumina wambiri, ndi zina zotero, nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi kusungunuka. Ulusi wotsutsa wa polycrystalline, monga ulusi wa mullite, ulusi wa alumina, ndi zina zotero, umapangidwa ndi njira ya colloid.
Makhalidwe akuluakulu a zotetezera kutentha ndi ma porosity okwera, nthawi zambiri amakhala oposa 45%; kuchuluka kochepa, nthawi zambiri osapitirira 1.5g/cm3; kutentha kochepa, makamaka kochepera 1.0W/(m·K). Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chotenthetsera kutentha cha uvuni zamafakitale, sikuti imangochepetsa kutayika kwa kutentha kwa ng'anjo, komanso imachepetsa kusungidwa kwa kutentha kwa ng'anjo, kupeza mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zosungira mphamvu, ndikuchepetsa kulemera kwa zida zotenthetsera. Poyerekeza ndi njerwa zokhazikika zotetezera kutentha, zotetezera kutentha zimakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa slag, mphamvu yamakina, komanso kukana kuvala. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kapangidwe ka uvuni ndi zida zomwe zimakumana mwachindunji ndi slag, charge, chitsulo chosungunuka, ndi zina zotero.
Njira yogawa zinthu zotetezera kutentha
Zinthu zotetezera kutentha zimayimira zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zili ndi ma porosity osachepera 45%. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi ma porosity ambiri komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwa voliyumu. Mphamvu ya kutentha ndi yochepa, mphamvu ya kutentha ndi yochepa, ndipo mphamvu ya kutentha ndi yabwino. Imasunga kutentha komanso imateteza kutentha. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo lotetezera kutentha pazida zosiyanasiyana zotenthetsera, ndipo zina zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati gawo logwirira ntchito. Ndi chinthu chopulumutsa mphamvu pomanga ma uvuni osiyanasiyana. Kuyika zinthu zotetezera kutentha m'malo mwa zinthu zotetezera kutentha monga zipangizo zomangira ng'anjo kungachepetse kutayika kwa kutentha ndi kutayika kwa kutentha ndi 40% mpaka 50%, makamaka pazida zotenthetsera zomwe sizimapitirira.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi zotetezera kutentha, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi kutentha komwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa zinthu, ndi mawonekedwe a chinthucho.
(1) Amagawidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi. Omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa 0.4 ~ 1.3g/cm3 ndi njerwa zopepuka; omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchepera 0.4g/cm3 ndi njerwa zopepuka kwambiri.
(2) Kugawidwa malinga ndi kutentha kogwirira ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwa 600~900℃ pazinthu zotetezera kutentha kochepa; 900~120℃ pazinthu zotetezera kutentha kwapakati; kupitirira 1200℃ pazinthu zotetezera kutentha kwambiri.
(3) Yogawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu: chimodzi ndi njerwa zopepuka zopepuka, kuphatikizapo dongo, alumina wambiri, silicon, ndi njerwa zina zopepuka zopepuka; china ndi njerwa zopepuka zopepuka, monga konkriti yopepuka yopepuka.
Njira yopangira zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi yosiyana ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zokhuthala. Pali njira zambiri, makamaka njira yowotcha, njira ya thovu, njira ya mankhwala, ndi njira ya zinthu zoboola.
1) Njira yowotcha ndi kuwonjezera zinthu. Imadziwikanso kuti njira yowonjezerera zinthu zoyaka. Onjezani zinthu zoyaka zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuyaka, monga makala, utuchi, ndi zina zotero, mu matope opangira njerwa kuti chinthucho chikhale ndi ming'alu inayake chikayaka.
2) Njira yonyowetsera. Onjezani zinthu zothira thovu, monga sopo wa rosin, ndi zina zotero ku dongo lopangira njerwa, ndipo mupange thovu pogwiritsa ntchito makina. Mukamaliza kuwotcha, mumapezeka chinthu choboola.
3) Njira ya mankhwala. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya mankhwala yomwe ingapangitse mpweya bwino, chinthu chokhala ndi mabowo chimapezeka popanga njerwa, nthawi zambiri dolomite kapena periclase kuphatikiza gypsum, ndi sulfuric acid ngati chothandizira thovu.
4) Njira yopangira zinthu zokhala ndi mabowo. Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yachilengedwe ya diatomaceous kapena dongo lopangidwa ndi thovu lopangidwa ndi thovu, alumina kapena zirconia, ndi zinthu zina zopangira mabowo kuti mupange njerwa zopepuka zosagwira ntchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa komanso mphamvu yochepa yotenthetsera monga zinthu zomangira ng'anjo kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta; kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yopangira zida; kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ng'anjo, kuchepetsa kapangidwe ka ng'anjo, kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa chinthu, komanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa malo ozungulira. Kupititsa patsogolo mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito. Zinthu zotetezera kutentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati gawo loteteza kutentha, layer kapena gawo loteteza kutentha la uvuni.
1. Njerwa zotetezera kutentha za Alumina
Njerwa zotetezera kutentha za Alumina zimagwiritsa ntchito corundum yosakanikirana, alumina yosungunuka, ndi alumina ya mafakitale ngati zinthu zazikulu zopangira zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya asidi ndi alkali komanso kukana kuchepetsa kutentha, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa 1700℃. Njira yake yopangira imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya njira ya thovu ndi njira yowonjezera yoyaka. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi njira ya thovu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, kutentha kochepa, komanso kukana kutentha bwino.
Njerwa zotetezera kutentha za alumina ndi zopepuka, zolimba kwambiri, kutentha kochepa, kuchepera kwa voliyumu kochepa pambuyo poyatsanso, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira zida zotetezera kutentha kapena ng'anjo zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi malawi. Ndi mzere wogwirira ntchito wa zida zotenthetsera zolondola, koma sizoyenera malo owononga omwe amakhudza mwachindunji madzi a ng'anjo ndi slag yosungunuka. Imakhalanso ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga wochepetsera. Kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadalira kuyera kwa chinthucho, nthawi zambiri mpaka 1650 ~ 1800°C. Onani Gome 3-105 kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi mankhwala zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zotere.
2. Njerwa zoteteza kutentha kwambiri zoteteza aluminiyamu
Njerwa zotetezera kutentha kwambiri za aluminiyamu ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimakhala zosachepera 48% zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zazikulu zopangira. Njerwa zotetezera kutentha kwambiri za aluminiyamu zimapangidwa makamaka ndi bauxite ngati zinthu zopangira, kuphatikiza ndi dongo ngati zinthu zopangira, zosakaniza ndi zomangira ndi utuchi. Kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, alumina ya mafakitale, corundum, sillimanite, kyanite, ndi silica zimawonjezedwa. Ufa wabwino ungapangidwe kukhala zinthu zokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana komanso kutentha kosiyanasiyana komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 1250~1350℃, ndipo zina zimatha kufika 1550℃.
Njerwa zotetezera kutentha kwambiri zimapangidwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya thovu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo kuli pakati pa 0.4 ~ 1.0g / cm3, ndipo zitha kupangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera kutentha. Zizindikiro zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo za njerwa zotetezera kutentha kwambiri za aluminiyamu zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 3-106.
Njerwa zotetezera kutentha kwambiri za aluminiyamu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo ndi zigawo zotetezera kutentha zomwe sizimatenthedwa ndi kufufutidwa ndi zinthu zolimba zosungunuka kutentha kwambiri. Zikakhudzana mwachindunji ndi lawi, kutentha kwa pamwamba pa njerwa zotetezera kutentha kwambiri za aluminiyamu sikuyenera kupitirira 1350℃. Njerwa zotetezera kutentha za mullite zimatha kukhudza lawi mwachindunji, ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oletsa kutentha kwambiri, mphamvu yayikulu, komanso mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu. Ndi yoyenera kuphimba ng'anjo za pyrolysis, ng'anjo za mpweya wotentha, ma ceramic roller kilns, ma drawer kilns amagetsi a porcelain, ndi ng'anjo zosiyanasiyana zotetezera. Njerwa zotetezera kutentha za corundum-mullite zokhala ndi Al2O3 ya 82.4% zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ng'anjo pa 1550°C.
3. Njerwa zoteteza kutentha zochokera ku dongo
Njerwa zotetezera kutentha zochokera ku dongo ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimakhala ndi 30%-48% ya Al2O3 yopangidwa ndi dongo lotetezera kutentha ngati zinthu zazikulu zopangira, pogwiritsa ntchito dongo lotetezera kutentha, mikanda yoyandama, ndi dongo lotetezera kutentha ngati zinthu zopangira, kuwonjezera zomangira ndi utuchi. Ndi kusakaniza, kusakaniza, kupanga, kuumitsa, ndi kuwombera, zinthu zokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 0.3 ~ 1.5g/cm3 zitha kupezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kupanga kumaphatikizapo zoposa theka la njerwa zotetezera kutentha.
Njira yodziwika bwino yopangira njerwa zotetezera kutentha ndi dongo ndiyo njira yowonjezera kutentha ndi mikanda yoyandama, ndipo njira ya thovu ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Onani Gome 3-107 kuti mudziwe zizindikiro zenizeni za njerwa zotetezera kutentha zochokera ku dongo.
Njerwa zoteteza kutentha zochokera ku dongo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zida zotenthetsera ndi uvuni zamafakitale. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zomwe sizikupsa ndi kutsukidwa ndi zinthu zolimba zosungunuka kutentha kwambiri. Malo ena omwe amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi lawi amakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza. Chophimba choteteza kutentha chingathe kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi fumbi la mpweya wa ng'anjo ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka. Kutentha kwa ntchito kwa chinthucho sikupitirira kutentha koyesedwa kwa mzere wobwerera. Njerwa zotetezera kutentha za dongo ndi za mtundu wa zinthu zotetezera kuwala zomwe zili ndi ma pores angapo. Chipangizochi chili ndi ma pores a 30% mpaka 50%, ndipo chotetezera kutentha chake ndi chochepa, koma mphamvu zake zamakaniko komanso kukana dzimbiri ndizabwino.
4. Njerwa zotetezera kutentha za silicone
Njerwa yoteteza kutentha ya siliceous imapangidwa ndi silika ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira, ndipo chinthu choteteza kutentha chomwe chili ndi SiO2 yochepera 91%. Kuwonjezera pa mphamvu zotetezera kutentha, njerwa zoteteza kutentha za siliceous zimasunga mawonekedwe a njerwa za siliceous kwambiri. Kutentha koyambira kwa kufewetsa katundu kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo voliyumu imakula pang'ono panthawi yotenthetsera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti uvuni ukhale wolimba.
Kugwira ntchito kwa njerwa zotetezera kutentha za GGR-1.20 za kalasi ya siliceous heat-insulating za uvuni zamafakitale zomwe zafotokozedwa mu China Metallurgical Industry Standard YB386-1994, kuchuluka kwa zinthu sikupitirira 1.2g/cm3, mphamvu yokakamiza kutentha kwa chipinda si yochepera 5MPa, ndipo kutentha koyambira kofewa pansi pa katundu pansi pa 0.1MPa si kochepera 1520℃, kuchuluka kwa SiO2 si kochepera 91%.
Chogulitsachi ndi choyenera kuphimba denga la uvuni wa mafakitale kapena zigawo zotetezera kutentha zomwe sizimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zinthu zosungunuka kutentha kwambiri ndipo sizimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi mpweya wowononga. Kutentha kwa ntchito ya miyala yamtengo wapatali sikoposa 1550°C.
Njerwa zoteteza kutentha zochokera ku silika zimakhala zovulaza kwambiri thupi la munthu chifukwa cha fumbi la silika, ndipo njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa dongo ndi njerwa zoteteza kutentha zomwe zimakhala ndi aluminiyamu yambiri, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo laling'ono la zinthu zonse zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimatuluka.
5. Njerwa zoteteza ku Diatomite
Njerwa ya Diatomite yotenthetsera kutentha ndi chinthu choteteza kutentha chomwe chimapangidwa ndi diatomite ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira zinthu zopangira. Njerwa ya Diatomite yotenthetsera kutentha ili ndi ma pores otsekedwa bwino, ma porosity ambiri, magwiridwe antchito abwino otenthetsera kutentha, koma mphamvu yochepa yamakina, makamaka ikakhala yonyowa, mphamvu imachepa kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi SiO2, kutsatiridwa ndi Al2O3, komanso chitsulo ndi potaziyamu. , Sodium, calcium, magnesium oxides ndi zonyansa zina.
Zizindikiro zenizeni za njerwa zotetezera kutentha za diatomite zawonetsedwa mu Gome 3-108. Zinthu zotetezera kutentha za Diatomite sizimalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri, ndipo sizimalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri, kotero kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito sikokwera kwambiri. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha mu gawo lotetezera kutentha losakwana 900°C.
6. Zinthu zowonjezeredwa za perlite
Zinthu zowonjezeredwa za perlite ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi perlite ngati gawo lalikulu. Zinthu zotetezera kutentha zopangidwa ndi perlite yowonjezereka ngati simenti yoyenera, galasi la madzi, phosphate, ndi zina zotero, zitatha kusakaniza, kusakaniza, kupanga, kuumitsa, kuwotcha kapena kusakaniza. Kuchuluka kwa perlite yowonjezereka ndi kochepa, nthawi zambiri 40 ~ 120g / cm3 yokha; kukana kwake sikokwera, nthawi zambiri 1280 ~ 1360 °C. Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zokhala ndi zomangira zosiyanasiyana kumakhala kosiyana, nthawi zambiri kumakhala pansi pa 1000 °C.
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi perlite zokulirapo zimagawidwa m'magulu 200, 250, 300 ndi 350kg/m34 malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu muyezo wa dzikolo. Malinga ndi mtundu wa simenti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zinthu zopangidwa ndi perlite zokulirapo zomwe zimamangidwa ndi simenti, zinthu zopangidwa ndi perlite zokulirapo zomwe zimamangidwa ndi galasi la madzi, zinthu zopangidwa ndi perlite zokulirapo zomwe zimamangidwa ndi phosphate, ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi perlite zokulirapo zomwe zimamangidwa ndi phula.
7. Zinthu zowonjezera za vermiculite
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi vermiculite yowonjezereka ndi zinthu zoteteza kutentha zomwe zimakhala ndi vermiculite yowonjezereka ngati chinthu chachikulu. Kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi vermiculite yowonjezereka kumadalira kukula kwa vermiculite yowonjezereka ngati chinthu chophatikizana, kuwonjezera zinthu zosakaniza ndi zomangira, kusakaniza ndi madzi muyeso wina, ndikupanga, kuumitsa, kuwotcha kapena kusakaniza kuti apange zinthu zoteteza kutentha. Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana, zinthu zosakaniza, ndi zomangira zimakhala ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zigawo zoteteza kutentha pansi pa 1000°C nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi vermiculite yowonjezereka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa chinthu chomangira chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu wa chinthu chomangira chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi chinthu chomangira, chingagawidwe m'zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zomangira zachilengedwe, zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zomangira zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zomangira zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zomangira zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi mtundu wa chinthu chomangira chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito, chingagawidwe m'zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zomangira chimodzi, zinthu zomangira zambiri ndi zinthu zosakaniza.
Vermiculite yokulirapo imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa, mphamvu yochepa, ndipo siingathe kulowetsedwa ndi madzi, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala kocheperako. Pamene zinthu zolimba kwambiri zomangira simenti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza vermiculite yokulirapo kukhala chinthu chomalizidwa, imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa vermiculite yokulirapo ndipo imatha kupirira katundu wolemera; mukagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosalowa madzi zomangira vermiculite yokulirapo, chinthu chomwe chimachokera chimakhala ndi mphamvu yosalowa madzi ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomwe pali madzi. Kutentha kwa chomangira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera kuposa kwa vermiculite yokulirapo, kotero kuwonjezera kwa chomangira kumapangitsa kuti mwala wokulirapo wa oyster ugwiritsidwe ntchito zatsopano, Koma kumachepetsanso mphamvu yoteteza kutentha ya vermiculite yokulirapo.
8. Bolodi la calcium silicon
Bolodi la silicate la calcium limapangidwa ndi diatomaceous earth ndi laimu ngati zinthu zazikulu zopangira, ndipo zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimapangidwa powonjezera ulusi wolimbitsa zimatchedwanso bolodi la silicate la calcium ndi bolodi la silicate la microporous calcium. Bolodi la silicate la calcium limagawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi kapangidwe kake: limodzi ndi bolodi la silicate la calcium wamba, kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka CaO/SiO2 ndi pafupifupi 0.8, kapangidwe ka mchere ndi tobermorite (tobermorite, 5CaO·6SiO2·5H2O); lina ndi silicate yolimba ya Calcium, kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka CaO/SiO2 ndi pafupifupi 1.0, ndipo kapangidwe ka mchere ndi silicate yolimba ya calcium.
Calcium silicate ili ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga mphamvu yaying'ono, kulekanitsidwa kwamphamvu, kutentha kochepa, kapangidwe kosavuta, komanso kuchepa kwa kutayika. Kuchuluka kwa bolodi la calcium silicate kumatchulidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuti sikoposa 220kg/m3, ndipo ena amagawidwanso m'mitundu 33 yosapitirira 220kg/m3, yosapitirira 170kg/m3, komanso yosapitirira 130kg/m; China imagawidwa ngati yosapitirira 240kg /cm3, yosapitirira 220kg/cm3, yosapitirira 170kg/cm3 mitundu 33. Mphamvu yokakamiza ili pamwamba pa 0.4MPa, mphamvu yosinthasintha ili pamwamba pa 0.2MPa; kutentha koyendetsa (70℃ ± 5℃) ndi 0.049 ~ 0.064W/(m·K) kutentha kwakukulu kogwirira ntchito, ndipo torbe mullite ndi 650℃, mtundu wa calcium silicate ndi 1000℃.
Bolodi la calcium silicate likhoza kudulidwa kapena kukhomedwa, ndipo lingapangidwe kukhala matabwa, mabuloko kapena zitseko. Lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zipangizo zotetezera kutentha kwa mapaipi otentha ndi ng'anjo zamafakitale mu mphamvu zamagetsi, makampani opanga mankhwala, zitsulo, zombo, ndi zina zotero; zotetezera moto ndi kutentha kwa nyumba, zida ndi zida, Lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati gawo lotetezera kutentha kwa uvuni wouma kwambiri ndi nsanja ya galimoto ya tunnel; mbali zonse ziwiri za bolodi la calcium silicate zitha kupakidwa ndi veneer ya pulasitiki, plywood, bolodi la simenti la asbestos, ndi zina zotero. Lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zotetezera kutentha. Zipangizo zambiri zotetezera kutentha padziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsa ntchito bolodi la calcium silicate, ndipo mayiko ena amagwiritsa ntchito bolodi la calcium silicate poteteza kutentha m'makampaniwa, zomwe zimakhala 70% mpaka 80%.
9. Njerwa Yoyandama ya Tinthu (Njerwa ya Cenosphere)
Njerwa za Cenosphere ndi zinthu zoteteza kutentha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma cenosphere ngati zinthu zazikulu zopangira. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, dziko langa linayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma cenosphere a mphutsi kuti apange njerwa zoteteza kutentha zochokera ku dothi. Chifukwa cha njira yosavuta komanso zinthu zambiri, khalidwe la malonda ndi labwino. Kuyambira m'ma 1980, njira ya clinker yokhala ndi mabowo kapena kuwonjezera ma cenosphere a mphutsi kwagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njerwa za Cenosphere.
Njerwa za Cenosphere ndi mipiringidzo yopanda kanthu ya galasi la aluminiyamu silicate loyandama kuchokera ku phulusa la ntchentche kuchokera ku zomera zamagetsi zotentha. Ili ndi kulemera kopepuka, khoma lopyapyala, lopanda kanthu, losalala, kutentha kochepa, kutenthetsa bwino, kukana kwambiri, komanso mphamvu yokakamiza kwambiri. Ndi magwiridwe ena. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe awa a cenosphere, zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri osungira kutentha zitha kupangidwa. Kupanga njerwa za cenosphere kumatha kupangidwa ndi njira youma pang'ono, yomwe ili ndi njira yosavuta ndipo sikufuna njira yomaliza.
Njerwa za Cenosphere ndi zapamwamba kuposa zipangizo zotetezera kutentha zomwe zilipo pakati pa block pankhani ya mphamvu ya makina, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kuyendetsa kutentha, ndi magwiridwe antchito, ndipo zimafanana ndi ulusi wa silicate. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana otentha kwambiri pa kutentha kwa 1200°C kuti zikwaniritse cholinga chokweza kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha bwino komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Njerwa za Cenosphere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi zida zotentha kwambiri m'mafakitale a zitsulo, makina, mankhwala, mafuta, zipangizo zomangira, makampani opanga magetsi, magetsi ndi magawo ena. Kawirikawiri, zimatha kusunga mphamvu ndi 15% mpaka 40%. Ndi mtundu watsopano wabwino wa gawo lopepuka. Zinthu zotentha.
10. Njerwa ya chibuluu chopanda kanthu
Njerwa ya alumina yopanda kanthu
Njerwa ya alumina yopanda kanthu ndi chinthu choteteza kutentha chomwe chili ndi njerwa ya alumina yopanda kanthu ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira. Zizindikiro zaukadaulo za njerwa za alumina yopanda kanthu ndi izi: Kuchuluka kwa Al2O3 sikochepera 98%, kuchuluka kwa SiO2 sikoposa 0.5%, kuchuluka kwa Fe2O3 sikoposa 0.2%, kuchuluka kwa bulk ndi 1.3 ~ 1.4g/cm3, porosity yoonekera ndi 60% ~ 80%, Mphamvu yokakamiza sikochepera 9.8MPa, kutentha kofewa kwa katundu (0.2MPa) sikochepera 1700℃, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 0.7 ~ 0.8W/(m·K).
Poyerekeza ndi zinthu wamba zotetezera kutentha ndi zinthu zotsutsa, njerwa za alumina zokhala ndi malo otseguka zimadziwika ndi ma pores ambiri otsekedwa mu chinthucho. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kapangidwe kokhazikika ka ma pores, kachulukidwe kochepa komanso kutentha kochepa. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazipinda za uvuni zamafakitale zotentha pansi pa 1800℃, monga njerwa za uvuni zamafakitale zotentha kwambiri m'mafakitale otsutsa, zamagetsi, ndi ceramic; zigawo zotetezera kutentha kwa zida zotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri, monga ng'anjo zotenthetsera mpweya m'makampani opanga mafuta, ng'anjo zamagesi, ma reactor amafakitale amakala, njerwa zotetezera kutentha kwa ng'anjo zoyambitsa magetsi m'makampani opanga zitsulo.
B Zirconia njerwa yopanda kanthu
Njerwa ya Zirconia yopanda kanthu ndi chinthu choteteza kutentha chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zirconia yopanda kanthu ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira. Gawo lalikulu la kristalo la njerwa iyi ndi zirconia ya cubic (pafupifupi 70% mpaka 80% ya kapangidwe ka mchere), ndipo magwiridwe ake odziwika bwino ndi awa: Kukana kwake ndi kwakukulu kuposa 2400℃, porosity yowonekera ndi 55% ~ 60%, kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ndi 2.5 ~ 3.0g / cm3, mphamvu yokakamiza si yochepera 4.9MPa, ndipo kutentha kwake ndi 0.23 ~ 0.35W / (m·K).
Zirconia hollow spheres ndi zinthu zoteteza kutentha zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Kutentha kotetezeka kwambiri komwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndi 2200℃. Zirconia hollow sphere store zimakhala ndi mphamvu yotentha kwambiri komanso kapangidwe kokhazikika ka ma pore, kotero zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kutentha kwambiri kwa 2200℃. Zirconia hollow ball store zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa komanso kutentha kochepa, zomwe sizingochepetsa kutaya kutentha kokha, komanso zimachepetsa kusungirako kutentha. Chifukwa chake, monga chinthu chotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji lawi la moto muzipangizo zotenthetsera monga zitsulo, mafuta, makampani opanga mankhwala, zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero, zimatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kulemera kwa ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-26-2021