Phulusa la ntchentche ndi ma Cenospheres

Phulusa louluka, chinthu china chochokera ku mafakitale opangira magetsi otenthetsera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malasha, ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali chomwe chingawonjezedwe kuzinthu zomangira kuti chipange zinthu zolimbitsa simenti zikakhudzana ndi madzi. Ma Cenospheres, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mabowo otseguka, ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi phulusa la ntchentche. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a ma cenospheres, monga kukhala opepuka, kuyenda bwino, kusakhala ndi mankhwala okwanira, kutchinjiriza bwino, mphamvu yopondereza kwambiri, komanso kutentha kochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri. Ma cenospheres akhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ngati chodzaza kapena chowonjezera m'mafakitale ambiri apadera, monga simenti yopepuka, ma polymeric composites, ma automotive brake rotors, ndi ma differential cover, zigawo za injini ya dizilo yophimbidwa ndi mullite, ndi ma electromagnetic shielding and energy absorption applications. Ma cenospheres ngati zinthu zomangira apezeka, monga mu thermal insulation composite yopepuka, lightweight sound-absorbing structure material ndi cenosphere-reinforced simenti ndi asphalt concrete, ndi simenti yopepuka. Zanenedwa posachedwapa kuti ma cenospheres amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera kapena chodzaza mu polymer concrete matrix popanga ma composite beams ndi composite railway sleepers. Ndi mawonekedwe awo ozungulira komanso opanda kanthu, ma cenospheres ndi abwino kwambiri, ndipo amakana kwambiri kufalikira kwa ming'alu.
Kuchuluka kwa ma cenospheres kumasiyana kuyambira 0.2 g/cc mpaka 2.6 g/cc. Kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kochepa kotereku (Njira zomwe zilipo zolekanitsira cenosphere zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kulekanitsa konyowa ndi kulekanitsa kouma. Njira yolekanitsira yonyowa imachokera ku kusiyana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tolimba ndi sing'anga yamadzimadzi: ndi njirayi, cenospheres zimatha kubwezedwa kuchokera ku phulusa la ntchentche kudzera mu njira yokoka yokhazikika - njira yosambira ndi kuyandama. Kupambana kwa kulekanitsa kwa kulekanitsa konyowa kumachokera ku kuyandama kwachilengedwe kwa cenospheres mu sing'anga, kuchuluka kwa tinthu todyetsa, topology ya pamwamba, ndi porosity ya tinthu, ndi kayendedwe kokonzanso. Komabe, kugwira ntchito bwino kumachepetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya phulusa la ntchentche lochuluka, lomwe limaletsa tinthu topepuka kuposa madzi kuti tisatuluke mu agglomeration, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukwera kwa tinthu topepuka pamwamba. Ubwino wa njira yolekanitsira yonyowa ndi kuthekera kopeza cenospheres yotsika, yosasinthika mwachindunji kuchokera ku njira yolekanitsira: komabe, kupezeka kwa nthaka ndi madzi ndi vuto lalikulu pakupanga kwakukulu. Vuto lina ndi nkhani ya kusungunuka kwa zinthu zoopsa m'madzi. Vuto lina ndikufunika gawo lina lowuma musanagwiritse ntchito. Ponena za mtundu wa zinthuzo (makamaka pa Phulusa la ntchentche la kalasi C lokhala ndi calcium yambiri), makhiristo amapangidwa pamwamba pa tinthu kenako amauma panthawi youma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asamagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Kulekanitsa kouma ndi njira ina yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa mavuto a kulekanitsa konyowa. Ndi njira iyi, kapangidwe ka mankhwala sikasintha. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe gawo louma lofunikira, motero kupewa mavuto ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu: komabe, njira iyi imafuna ukadaulo wapamwamba wokhudza kulekanitsa kwa pneumatic, monga chogawa mpweya, kuti tigawire bwino tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kugawa mpweya ndi ntchito yomwe imalekanitsa tinthu tolimba tomwe timabalalika kutengera kusiyana kwawo mu kukula, mawonekedwe a geometrical, ndi kuchulukana kwa mpweya.