Ngakhale simukudziwa, dziko lamakono lili ndi zifukwa zambiri zoyamikirira ma cenospheres.
Anthu ochepa okha ndi omwe amadziwa za kukhalapo kwawo, koma ochepa okha ndi omwe amadziwa komwe akuchokera. Ngakhale kuti kuyang'ana mwachangu pa Wikipedia, komwe kumachokera magwero onse, kudzadziwitsa osadziwa kuti, "Cenosphere ndi malo opepuka, opanda kanthu, opanda kanthu, opangidwa makamaka ndi silika ndi alumina ndipo odzazidwa ndi mpweya kapena mpweya wopanda kanthu, womwe nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ngati chinthu chochokera ku kuyaka kwa malasha ku malo opangira magetsi otentha. Mtundu wa cenospheres umasiyana kuyambira imvi mpaka pafupifupi yoyera ndipo kuchuluka kwawo ndi pafupifupi 0.4–0.8 g/cm3 (0.014–0.029 lb/cu in), zomwe zimawapatsa kuyandama kwakukulu."
Komabe, zimenezo sizikufotokoza kwenikweni kukongola kwenikweni kwa mipira yaying'ono, koma yamphamvu ya phulusa la ntchentche. Mphamvu yawo yeniyeni ili m'kusiyanasiyana kwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Monga momwe magazini ya ku France ya mafakitale, Industrie & Technologies, imanenera, "Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo, kukula kochepa, mawonekedwe ozungulira, mphamvu yamakina, kutentha kwakukulu kosungunuka, kusakhala ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala, mphamvu zotetezera kutentha komanso kuchepa kwa porosity, ma microspheres [omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma cenospheres] amapeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale. Makamaka, [ndi abwino] polimbitsa zinthu kapena kupereka mphamvu zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri, kapena kutentha ndi kutchinjiriza kwa mawu ku zokutira kapena utoto. Amatha kufotokozedwa ngati zodzaza zambiri ndipo amaphatikizidwa bwino mu resins ndi zomangira monga thermoplastics ndi thermosetting."
Ma Cenospheres mu Utoto ndi Zophimba
Pali ntchito zambiri za ma cenospheres mumakampani opanga utoto ndi zokutira, chifukwa cha makhalidwe ena omwe amapereka. Mwachitsanzo, ma cenospheres nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokutira kuti azilamulira kuwala kwa infrared, zomwe zimapatsa zophimbazo mwayi kuposa zomwe zimangoyesa kuchepetsa kutentha.
Pakadali pano, akatswiri opaka utoto ku Petra Buildcare Products, akufotokoza momwe ma cenospheres, "... amawongolera mtundu wa utoto mwa kukweza kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthucho. Pambuyo popaka pakhoma, mikanda ya ceramic imayamba kuchepa motero imapanga filimu yolimba pakhoma."
Ma Cenospheres mu Syntactic Foams
Ma cenospheres nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga 'ma foam opangidwa mwaluso'. Izi ndi zinthu zolimba zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma cenospheres ngati chodzaza kuti zipereke zabwino zambiri, kuyambira pamtengo wotsika, mpaka mphamvu yowonjezera, kuletsa phokoso, kuyandama komanso kuteteza kutentha.
Akatswiri a Engineered Syntactic Systems amafotokoza thovu lopangidwa motere;
"Gawo la 'syntactic' limatanthauza kapangidwe kake kokonzedwa komwe kamaperekedwa ndi mabwalo opanda kanthu. Mawu akuti 'thovu' amatanthauza mtundu wa maselo a chinthucho. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera pamlingo wotsika, thovu lopangidwa lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ntchito zoyenda pansi pa nyanja. Zipangizo zopangidwa zimalimbana ndi mphamvu yogwirizana ya hydrostatic pressure komanso kuwonetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pa ntchito zoyendera nyanja monga ma cable ndi hardball floats ndi chithandizo cha zida. Amaperekanso mphamvu ndi umphumphu wa kapangidwe kake pamlingo wochepa kwambiri kuposa zida zambiri zachikhalidwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chokongola pa ntchito zambiri zoteteza ndi zomangamanga."
Ma Cenospheres mu Kubowola Mafuta
Kuti mutsimikizire kufunika kosadziwika kwa ma cenospheres, simuyenera kuyang'ana kwina kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe amachita mumakampani opanga mafuta. Ngakhale aliyense akudziwa kufunika kwa mafuta m'dziko lamakono, ndizodziwika bwino kuti ma cenospheres, monga momwe magazini ya mafakitale aku France, Industrie & Technologies, imanenera, "...agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo pantchito yobowola mafuta kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa simenti ya petroleum popanda kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi."
Ma Cenospheres mu Mapulasitiki ndi Ma Polima
Ma Cenospheres amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mapulasitiki ndi ma polima, chifukwa mawonekedwe awo kapena mphamvu zawo zomwe zingapangidwenso zimathandiza kupewa kuchepa kwa ma thermoplastics ndi mapulasitiki osintha kutentha.
Akugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale amakono a magalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, Chevrolet Corvette ya 2016 ili ndi "kapangidwe ka sheet molding momwe magalasi ang'onoang'ono amalowa m'malo mwa calcium carbonate filler ndikuchepetsa kulemera kwa Stingray Coupe ya galimoto yamasewera ndi mapaundi 9 [9kg]." Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa wopanga, Continental Structural Plastics Inc., Probir Guha, akufotokoza chifukwa chomwe ma cenospheres amaphatikizidwira mu kapangidwe kameneka, ponena kuti, "njira yachizolowezi ya SMC ya mtundu uwu wa galimoto imakhala ndi 20% ya voliyumu ya ulusi wagalasi, 35% resin ndi 45% filler, nthawi zambiri calcium carbonate," ndikuwonjezera kuti, "Kapangidwe katsopano ka SMC [kapangidwe ka sheet molding] kamakhala kopikisana ndi aluminiyamu."
Ma Cenospheres mu Konkireti
Kwa zaka zambiri, ma cenospheres akhala chowonjezera chothandiza pa konkire, kupereka mphamvu yowonjezera, kapena kutchinjiriza mawu, komanso kuchepetsa kuchulukana. Jeff Girard, Purezidenti wa The Concrete Countertop Institute, akufotokoza ubwino uwu, ponena kuti, "M'malingaliro, ma cenospheres amatha kulowa m'malo mwa mchenga wamba womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu konkire. Ma cenospheres ali ndi kuchulukana komwe kuli kochepa kuposa madzi (pafupifupi 0.7 poyerekeza ndi Madzi 1.0); tinthu ta mchenga wa quartz nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi kuchulukana kwa pafupifupi 2.65. Izi zikutanthauza kuti paundi imodzi ya ma cenospheres imatenga voliyumu yofanana ndi pafupifupi 3.8 lbs. ya mchenga."
Industrie & Technologies, ikufotokozanso momwe ma cenospheres amagwiritsidwira ntchito ngati njira yochepetsera kuipitsidwa kwa phokoso, ponena kuti, “[Ma cenospheres amagwiritsidwa ntchito] mu zipangizo zomangira kuti achepetse konkriti, pomwe akusunga mphamvu yokakamiza ya 30 MPa pa kuchuluka kwa 1.6 T / m3, kukonza kulimba kwawo ndikuchepetsa kutumiza mawu. Mwachitsanzo, St. Petersburg Scientific and Technical Center of Applied Nanotechnologies (STCAN) imagwira ntchito yomanga milatho yokhala ndi ma konkriti otere ku Russia, [kuti msewu ukhale chete]. Ma cenospheres amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonza kutentha ndi kutchinjiriza mawu kwa ma plaster, mortars ndi plaster, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makoma, pansi ndi padenga. Kuwonjezera kwa 40% voliyumu ya cenospheres kumawonjezera theka la kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa mawu.”
Ma Cenospheres mu Mankhwala
Ma cenospheres akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mankhwala kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa mipira yaying'ono imatha kugwira ntchito ngati chipangizo chonyamulira chabwino kwambiri ikapakidwa mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, monga momwe magazini yamakampani aku France, Industrie & Technologies, imanenera, "Ma cenospheres okhala ndi siliva oxide, mwachitsanzo, angaphatikizidwe mu zomatira kuti mabala apole msanga."
Ma Cenospheres mu Makampani Otsogola
Kafukufuku wambiri akuchitika kuti apeze njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito chinthu chosiyanachi. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zatsopano zoyambitsa kusungunuka kwa methane zikupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maginito a cenospheres.
Ma Cenospheres akugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zitsulo zophatikizika (MMC), zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayesa kuphatikiza kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukana kugwedezeka, komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwa mabwalo ndi makhalidwe a zinthu zina. Ena, monga Paul Biju-Duval wa ku Georgia Institute of Technology yomwe ili ku Atlanta, agwira ntchito molimbika popanga zipangizo zomangira zopanda simenti. Ntchito yake ikupitirira, kuwonjezera kusakaniza kwa cenosphere, zinthu monga nsungwi ndi machubu achitsulo ngati njira yopezera njira zina zomangira, zotsika mtengo, zolimba, komanso zosamalira chilengedwe.
Pakadali pano, bungwe la Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology la Russian Academy of Sciences ku Krasnoyarsk, likufufuza njira zomwe ma cenospheres angagwiritsidwire ntchito posintha zinthu. Ngakhale kuti machitidwe a BAE akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito ma cenospheres mu utoto ngati njira yothandizira kusawoneka bwino mu infrared spectrum, motero kulola kuti zida zankhondo zikhale ndi 'zovala zosawoneka'.
Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zomwe zingatheke, sizosadabwitsa kuti chidwi cha anthu pa ma cenospheres chikukula. Malinga ngati opanga zinthu akufunafuna zinthu zopepuka, njira zabwino zoperekera mankhwala, zokutira bwino, zolowa m'malo mwa simenti, ndi zowonjezera zophatikizika, padzakhala kufunika kwa ma cenospheres. Kuphatikiza pa kafukufuku wowonjezereka pakugwiritsa ntchito kwatsopano kwa ma cenospheres osinthasintha awa, nthawi yokha ndiyo idzawonetsa komwe tsogolo la ma cenospheres lili.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-28-2021