Njira yodziwira phulusa la ntchentche

Phulusa la ntchentche la masiku ano lili ndi sulfide kapena sulfate yambiri (monga gypsum, ndi zina zotero), zomwe ndi zosiyana ndi phulusa la ntchentche lachikhalidwe. Ngati ligwiritsidwa ntchito mu konkire popanda kuyesa, lingayambitse ming'alu ndi kusweka kwakukulu kwa konkire. Ngakhale kuti miyezo ya phulusa la ntchentche yomwe ilipo pano ili ndi zoletsa za SO 3, kuyang'anira ndi kutsimikiza kwa "phulusa lopanda sulfuri" sikuli koyenera.

(2) "Dothi la phulusa"
Pofuna kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa NO x mu njira yoyaka malasha, ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo cha "denitration" panthawi yoyaka malasha. Njira yoyipa yochotsera nitration ingayambitse NH4 yotsala mu phulusa la ntchentche. Phulusa la ntchentche likasakanizidwa ndi simenti, lidzakumana ndi alkali. Chilengedwe chidzatulutsa NH 3 (mpweya wa ammonia), womwe umapanga mpweya wambiri mu gawo la pulasitiki la konkire.

(3) "Phulusa lakuda loyandama"
Mu ukadaulo wamakono woyaka malasha, kuti pakhale mphamvu yoyaka malasha kapena zofunikira zina zapadera zogwirira ntchito zamagetsi, dizilo kapena zinthu zina zamafuta zimawonjezedwa ngati zothandizira kuyaka malasha. Zothandizira kuyaka izi sizingatenthedwe kwathunthu ndipo zimakhalabe mu phulusa la ntchentche. Mafuta. Makamaka phulusa la ntchentche litasankhidwa, phulusa la ntchentche lomwe lasonkhanitsidwa lidzakhala ndi mafuta ambiri osayaka, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusakaniza konkire. Mafuta awa amayandama mmwamba ndikuwoneka ngati mafuta akuda oyandama mu konkire. Mtundu uwu wa phulusa la ntchentche umatchedwa "phulusa lakuda loyandama".

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji?
(1) Momwe mungawonere
Oyang'anira odziwa bwino ntchito nthawi zambiri amatha kudziwa kusalala ndi kutayika kwa phulusa la ntchentche pongoyang'ana mtundu wa phulusa la ntchentche.
Mawonekedwe a phulusa la ntchentche amafanana ndi simenti, ndipo mtundu wake umasiyana kuyambira woyera ngati mkaka mpaka wakuda. Mtundu wa phulusa la ntchentche ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha khalidwe chomwe chingasonyeze kuchuluka ndi kusiyana kwa mpweya, ndipo mpaka pamlingo winawake, ukhozanso kuwonetsa phulusa la ntchentche. Kusalala kwake. Mtundu ukakhala wakuda kwambiri, kukula kwa tinthu ta phulusa la ntchentche kumakhala kochepa komanso kuchuluka kwa kaboni kumakhala kwakukulu.

Phulusa la ntchentche limagawidwa m'magulu awiri: phulusa la ntchentche lokhala ndi calcium yochepa ndi phulusa la ntchentche lokhala ndi calcium yambiri. Kawirikawiri, mtundu wa phulusa la ntchentche lokhala ndi calcium yambiri ndi wachikasu, ndipo mtundu wa phulusa la ntchentche lokhala ndi calcium yochepa ndi imvi. Tinthu ta phulusa la ntchentche tili ndi kapangidwe ka uchi wokhala ndi mabowo okhala ndi malo akuluakulu komanso ntchito yothira madzi ambiri. Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumakhala pakati pa 0.5 ndi 300 μm. Kuphatikiza apo, khoma la mkanda lili ndi kapangidwe ka mabowo okhala ndi mabowo okwana 50% mpaka 80%, ndipo limayamwa madzi mwamphamvu.

Kuwonjezera pa mawonekedwe achilengedwe, mutha kuwonjezera madzi ndikusakaniza kuti muwone phulusa la ntchentche. Mu chidebe cha madzi, onjezerani kuchuluka koyenera kwa phulusa la ntchentche kuti musanganize bwino kuti muwone ngati pali phulusa lakuda lomwe likuyandama pamwamba pa madzi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa kaboni mu phulusa la ntchentche; ngati mtundu wa phulusa la ntchentche ndi wakuda ndipo uli ndi fungo lapadera, madontho a mafuta, phulusa la ntchentche lamtunduwu liyenera kukhala loyandama ndipo liyenera kubwezedwa.

Pambuyo pochotsa phulusa lokhala ndi CaO2 ndi SO3, phulusa lomwe lili ndi CaO2 ndi SO3 zambiri zikasakanizidwa ndi madzi, yankho limakhala la alkaline, ndipo phenolphthalein reagent imalowetsedwamo, yomwe imawoneka yofiira. Pofuna kupewa konkriti kuti isasweke chifukwa cha kukula kwa Ca(OH)2 ndi calcium sulfoaluminate yosungunuka, mankhwalawa ayenera kubwezedwa.

Kachiwiri, mutha kununkhiza fungo. Tengani phulusa lokwanira la ntchentche ndi simenti mu beaker ndikuwonjezera madzi ndikusakaniza kuti mupange matope. Ngati mutha kununkhiza fungo la ammonia, phulusa la ntchentche likhoza kuonedwa ngati phulusa lopanda madzi.

Yang'anani ndi maikulosikopu! Kuti mudziwe phulusa labodza, choyamba muzitseke. Kawirikawiri, tinthu ta phulusa tomwe tili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala tosalala komanso tagalasi lozungulira pansi pa maikulosikopu (pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu yoposa nthawi 100), ndipo pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala tosakhazikika komanso tozungulira kwambiri. Ngati ufa wochuluka wa mchenga wophwanyika, ufa wa miyala, ufa wa boiler slag wasakanizidwa, padzakhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosakhazikika pa mulingo uliwonse wa tinthu, makamaka mulingo wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, womwe udzawoneka wosakhazikika komanso wozungulira.

Kodi ndiyenera kunyamula maikulosikopu kuti ndiizindikire? Njira yosavuta ndi iyi: tengani phulusa la ntchentche lokwana 1kg ndikuliyika mu beseni, kenako onjezerani madzi, ndikusakaniza uku mukuwonjezera madzi mpaka litadzaza, ndikuwona ngati pali mikanda yoyera yoyandama pamwamba pa madzi, ngati ilipodi, ngati sichoncho, ndi yabodza.

Pa phulusa la ntchentche, choyamba kuzunguliridwa. Kawirikawiri, tinthu ta phulusa la ntchentche tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi mipira yosalala yagalasi pansi pa maikulosikopu, ndipo pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala tosakhazikika koma tozungulira kwambiri. Ngati ufa wochuluka wa mchenga wophwanyidwa, ufa wa miyala, ndi ufa wa boiler slag utasakanizidwa, padzakhala tinthu tambiri tosakhazikika mu kalasi iliyonse ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, makamaka mu kalasi ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Phulusa lenileni la ntchentche lili ndi miyezo yokhwima ya dziko lonse komanso momwe limagwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso miyezo yokhwima ya mankhwala ndi ma radioactivity. Mafotokozedwe a phukusi, miyezo yomveka bwino. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda ndi wachikasu, ufa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tosalala kwambiri, dzanja limakhala bwino komanso louma, ndipo chinyezi chimakhala chochepa kwambiri. Phulusa la ntchentche lonyenga limapangidwa makamaka ndi ufa wa miyala, ufa wa njerwa wosakaniza ndi phulusa laling'ono kapena slag, ndipo lina kapena lonse limapakidwa mwachindunji ndi ufa wa miyala. Phulusa la ntchentche lonyenga lokha silili lolimba ndipo siligwira ntchito. Mtundu wake ndi woyera, ndipo mitundu ina ndi yodetsedwa kwambiri. Kumveka kwa dzanja ndi kolimba, konyowa, ndipo thumba lolongedza silili bwino. Samalani ndi nkhani zomwe zili pamwambapa mukamagula phulusa la ntchentche kuti muwonetsetse kuti mutha kugula phulusa la ntchentche labwino kwambiri.

(2) Kodi mungatani kuti mulandire zitsanzo?
Sinthani njira yachikhalidwe yopezera zitsanzo ndi malo ake, kutanthauza kuti, sungunulani pompo yapadera yopezera zitsanzo pa chitoliro chachitsulo chothira phulusa la ntchentche chokhala ndi mainchesi a 100mm kutalika koyima pafupifupi mamita 1.5 kuchokera pansi, chomwe chingasankhidwe mwachisawawa nthawi iliyonse panthawi yotsitsa phulusa la ntchentche. Tengani zitsanzo ndikudziwitsa poyera ogulitsa phulusa la ntchentche kuti ngati zotsatira za zitsanzo ziwirizi zipezeka zosiyana mgalimoto imodzi, adzalangidwa kwambiri.