Ibikoresho bitagira ishusho y’umukara bishobora gusukwa ku buso bw’akazi hakoreshejwe umwuka wihuta kandi bigashyirwa ku buso bw’akazi byitwa ibikoresho bitagira ishusho y’umukara. Muri rusange, ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’ibikoresho bishobora gusukwa cyangwa ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’ibikoresho byigenga hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kuvoma bishobora gukoreshwa nk’ibikoresho byumye cyangwa ibikoresho bitose, bigomba gusa guhindura ingano y’ibice byabyo n’ubwoko n’ingano y’inyongera. Ibikoresho bitera umwuka wijimye ni ubwoko bw’ibikoresho bitagira ishusho y’umukara, ari na bwo bwoko bushya bw’ibikoresho bitera umwuka wijimye kandi bitose neza nyuma yo kongeramo amazi no kuvanga nta nkongi cyangwa ngo bikore umuvuduko. Imiterere yabyo y’amabuye ifite ingingo nke, ifite ubuziranenge bukomeye, irinda umwuka kwinjira neza, kandi ishobora kwirinda ifu. Muri icyo gihe, ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bitera umwuka wijimye, ibikoresho bitera umwuka wijimye bifite ibi bikurikira:
(1) Biroroshye gufatisha kandi bishobora kubuza urukuta kuzamuka neza.
(2) Kubaka biroroshye, imbaraga z'abakozi ni nke, imikorere y'ubukorikori ni myinshi, kandi imashini zikoreshwa mu kubaka itanura zishobora kugerwaho.
(3) Igihe cyo gutanga ni gito, kandi ububiko n'ikiguzi bishobora kugabanywa hakurikijwe ibyo.
Ibikoresho byo guturitsa bikoresha refractory bikoreshwa cyane, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gukoresha umutungo wose. Ubusanzwe, ibikoresho by'ibice bigize ibi bikoresho byitwa refractory aggregate, naho ibikoresho by'ifu byitwa admixture (ifu ikoresha refractory cyangwa ifu nziza), ndetse n'ibifunga n'inyongeramusaruro.
1. Uburyo bwo kubaka ibikoresho bitera imbaraga bipfapfa
Dukurikije uko ibikoresho byasutswe ku mubiri w'igitambaro (isura ikora), bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: uburyo bwo gutera ibikoresho bikonje n'uburyo bwo gutera ibikoresho bishongeshejwe cyangwa bishongeshejwe. Ubu buryo bwa nyuma burimo ubu bukurikira.
Uburyo bwo gutera umuriro: Ibikoresho bishyirwa ku rumuri rw'ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'umuriro wa propane. Mu gihe cyo gutera umuriro, hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibikoresho biba biri mu buryo bwashongeshejwe cyangwa buvanze n'umuriro, bigashyirwa ku rumuri rw'ibikoresho bishyushye cyane, hanyuma bigashyirwa ku buso bw'urumuri. Kera, byakoreshwaga mu gusana urumuri rw'ibikoresho byo mu itanura, ariko ntibikikoreshwa cyane.
Uburyo bwo gutera plasma: Ibikoresho bitera plasma mu buryo bwa ionic, budakunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bitera réfractory.
Uburyo bwo gusukamo ibisate: nko gusukamo ibisate by'icyuma gihindura ikirere kugira ngo kirinde itanura, uruvange rw'ibikoresho birwanya ibisate n'ibisate bihuhwa bigashyirwa hejuru y'icyuma gihindura ikirere hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi wa ogisijeni. Ni ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu kunoza ubuzima bw'icyuma gihindura ikirere.
Uburyo bwa mbere ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane mu gutera umuti, burimo uburyo bwo gutera umuti wumye n'uburyo bwo gutera umuti utose.
Uburyo bwo guterura amazi yumye: Uburyo bwo gukoresha igikoresho cyuma giterura amazi yumye. Ibikoresho byumutse byinjira mu ngoma y'imyenda izenguruka iva mu busilo. Ngoma y'imyenda iterura amazi ku mfuruka runaka. Umuyoboro wo hejuru n'umuyoboro w'umwuka wa compressor bijyanwa hafi y'umuyoboro kugira ngo bihure n'amazi. Iyo ibikoresho bivanze n'amazi ari mu mfuruka, bisukwa ku gice cyo gukora. Ibyinshi mu bikoresho bisohoka bishyirwa ku gice cyo gukora, hanyuma igice cyabyo kikongera kikagwa hasi. Ingano y'ibikoresho byatakaye kubera gusubira inyuma ni ingenzi cyane ku iyubakwa ry'icyuma giterura amazi yumye. Ubusanzwe, igipimo cyo gusubira inyuma gikoreshwa mu kwerekana imikorere yo kwinjira kw'ibikoresho bisohoka. Uko igipimo cyo gusubira inyuma kiri hasi, niko birushaho kuba byiza. Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo gusubira inyuma: ahanini harimo ingano y'amazi, umuvuduko w'umuyaga n'ingano y'umwuka.
Uburyo bwo gutera amazi butose ni uburyo aho icyuma gitemba gifite amazi meza gishyirwa mu muyoboro unyuze mu muyoboro, hanyuma kigaterwa ku murongo w'imikorere hakoreshejwe umwuka mwinshi unyura mu muyoboro. Ubu buryo bugizwe n'ibice bine by'ingenzi: kuvanga, gutera amazi, gutera amazi no gukomera. Uburyo bwo gutera amazi no gutera amazi ntibutandukanye cyane n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutera amazi n'ibyo gutera amazi, bisaba kuvanga neza no gutera amazi neza.
Mu bihe byashize, uburyo bwo gutera imiti bwakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu gusana imiyoboro y'itanura, mu gihe gutera imiti itose byakoreshwaga mu buryo butaziguye mu miyoboro. Bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu gukora imiyoboro n'imiyoboro y'itanura zitandukanye. Ibyiza byabwo ni uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, nta gishushanyo mbonera, igiciro gito kandi ni umuvuduko mwinshi.
2. Ibintu bikeneye kwitabwaho mu buryo bwo gutera spray
(1) Ibi bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo gukoresha uburyo bwo gutera umuti wumye:
Ingano y'amazi yongewemo igomba kuba ikwiriye: niba amazi yongewemo ari make cyane, ibikoresho ntibizatose neza, kandi ibikoresho byumye bizoroha kongera kugaruka; niba amazi yongewemo ari menshi cyane, igipfundikizo cyakozwe no gutera imiti gikunze gutemba, ibyo kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kubyinjiza.
Umuvuduko w'umwuka n'ingano y'umwuka wa spray bigomba kuba bikwiye: iyo agace kanini cyane, ingaruka z'uturemangingo ku buso bwa spray ziba nini cyane, kandi biroroshye gusubira inyuma; iyo ari gato cyane, ibikoresho ntibifata neza ku bikoresho kandi biroroshye kugwa.
Intera n'inguni biri hagati y'umunwa w'imbunda itera imiti n'ubuso butera imiti bigomba kuba bikwiye: irinde imbaraga zo gutera imiti ku buso butera imiti ni nini cyane cyangwa nto cyane. Imbunda itera imiti igomba kwimurwa hejuru no hasi, ibumoso n'iburyo kugira ngo habeho ubugari bumwe bw'urwego rutera imiti.
Ubunini bwa buri gutera umuti ntibugomba kuba bunini cyane: ubunini bukabije bworoshye gukurura, muri rusange ntiburenze mm 50.
Genzura uburyo plastiki ifatana n'uburyo ifungana: ibikoresho bishobora guhumeka neza ku gipfundikizo cya spray, kandi bigakomera vuba kugira ngo bigire imbaraga runaka.
(2) Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gukoresha amazi mu mazi. Ibintu by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:
Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo gusukura Ubwa mbere, igomba kugira ingano ikwiye y'uduce, igipimo cy'ingano y'uturemangingo n'ubushuhe. Iyo bihujwe neza, igice cya matrix gishobora gukomera neza ku buso bw'uduce. Urukuta rwo gufatana ntirugomba kuba runini cyane cyangwa ngo rube ruto cyane, kugira ngo hamenyekane ko uduce dushobora kugira plastike nziza kandi tugakomera ku rukuta rw'ibikoresho iyo dusutswe ku rukuta rw'ibikoresho. Imiti ikoreshwa cyane ni sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, polysodium chloride, calcium chloride, aluminium sulfate, potasiyumu calcium sulfate, nibindi.
Iyo umuvuduko w'indege n'umuvuduko w'umwuka wa jet ari muto cyane, utwo duce ntitwifatanya neza n'ibikoresho, kandi iyo ari tunini cyane, tuzasubirana byoroshye.
Intera n'inguni biri hagati y'imbunda itera umwanda n'umubiri utera umwanda bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo gufatana kw'urwego rw'ibikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Nyakanga-2022