Ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe bivuga ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe bifite porosity nyinshi, ubucucike buke, n'ubushyuhe buke, bizwi kandi nka refractories zoroheje. Harimo ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe, fibres zirwanya ubushyuhe, n'ibikoresho bya fibre zirwanya ubushyuhe. Dukurikije ubushyuhe bwo gukoreshwa: ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe bwo gukoreshwa buri munsi ya 900 ℃, nk'amatafari yo gukingira diatomite, ibicuruzwa bya silica yagutse, imbaho za silica calcium, ibicuruzwa bya perlite yagutse, nibindi; ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe buringaniye, koresha ubushyuhe bwa 900 ~ 1200℃, nk'amatafari yo gukingira ubushyuhe y'ibumba, fibres zirwanya ubushyuhe ya aluminiyumu, nibindi; Ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe bukoreshwa burenga 1200℃, nk'amatafari akingira ubushyuhe bwinshi ya aluminiyumu, amatafari akingira ubushyuhe ya aluminiyumu, amatafari akingira ubushyuhe ya siliceous, amatafari y'umupira w'ubururu, amatafari y'umupira w'ubururu ya zirconia, fibre ikingira ubururu ya alumina nyinshi, fibre ikingira ubururu ya polycrystalline (fibre ya alumina ya polycrystalline, fibre ya zirconia ya polycrystalline, fibre ya mullite ya polycrystalline), n'ibindi.
Gukora ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe ahanini bikoresha uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bishobora gukora imiterere ifite imyenge, nk'uburyo bworoheje bw'ibikoresho fatizo, uburyo bwo gutwika, uburyo bwo gufuro, n'uburyo bwa chimique. Imigozi irwanya imyenge, nk'imigozi irwanya imyenge ya aluminiyumu silicate, imigozi myinshi irwanya imyenge, n'ibindi, akenshi ikorwa no gushonga. Imigozi irwanya imyenge ya polycrystalline, nk'imigozi ya mullite, imigozi ya alumina, n'ibindi, ikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa colloid.
Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga imirasire y'ubushyuhe ni porosity nyinshi, muri rusange iri hejuru ya 45%; ubucucike buke, muri rusange ntiburenze 1.5g/cm3; imikorere y'ubushyuhe buke, ahanini iri munsi ya 1.0W/(m·K). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ubushyuhe bw'amatanura y'inganda, ntabwo igabanya gusa ubushyuhe bw'itanura, ahubwo inagabanya uburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe bw'itanura, ikabona ingaruka nziza zo kuzigama ingufu, kandi ikagabanya uburemere bw'ibikoresho bishyushya. Ugereranyije n'amatafari asanzwe ashyushya, imirasire y'ubushyuhe ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo kudakira, imbaraga za mekanike, no kudashira. Kubwibyo, ntabwo ikwiriye imiterere y'itanura itwara imizigo n'ibice bihuye neza n'imirasire, umuriro, ibyuma bishongeshejwe, nibindi.
Uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe
Ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bivuga ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bifite porosity itari munsi ya 45%. Ibiranga by'ingenzi by'ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe ni porosity nyinshi n'ubucucike buke. Uburyo ubushyuhe butwara ni buke, ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe ni buke, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe ni bwiza. Birinda ubushyuhe kandi ntibishobora gushyuha. Bishobora gukoreshwa nk'urwego rukingira ubushyuhe ku bikoresho bitandukanye bishyuha, kandi bimwe bishobora no gukoreshwa nk'urwego rukora. Ni ibikoresho bizigama ingufu mu kubaka amatanura atandukanye. Gusimbuza ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi by'itanura bishobora kugabanya igihombo cyo kubika ubushyuhe no gutakaza ubushyuhe ho 40% kugeza 50%, cyane cyane ku bikoresho bishyushya bidakomeza.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho byo gukingira no gukingira, muri rusange bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu hakurikijwe ubushyuhe bw'ikoreshwa, ubucucike bw'umubyimba, n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa.
(1) Bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubucucike bw'umubiri. Ibifite ubucucike bw'ubunini bwa 0.4 ~ 1.3g / cm3 ni amatafari yoroheje; ibifite ubucucike bw'ubunini buri munsi ya 0.4g / cm3 ni amatafari yoroheje cyane.
(2) Bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubushyuhe bw'imikorere. Koresha ubushyuhe bwa 600 ~ 900℃ ku bikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe buri hasi; 900 ~ 120℃ ku bikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe buri hagati; hejuru ya 1200℃ ku bikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe buri hejuru.
(3) Bishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibicuruzwa: rimwe ni amatafari yoroheje kandi aremereye, harimo ibumba, alumina nyinshi, silikoni, n'amatafari amwe yoroheje kandi aremereye; irindi ni amatafari yoroheje kandi aremereye adashushanyije, Nk'amatafari yoroheje kandi aremereye.
Uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe butandukanye n'uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho binini muri rusange. Hari uburyo bwinshi, harimo uburyo bwo gutwika, uburyo bwo gutwika ifuro, uburyo bwa chimique, n'uburyo bwo gutwika ibintu bifite imyenge.
1) Uburyo bwo gutwika no kongeramo ibikoresho. Byitwa kandi uburyo bwo kongeramo ibikoresho bishya. Shyiramo ibikoresho bishya byoroshye gutwika, nk'amakara, umukungugu w'ibiti, nibindi, mu cyondo cyo kubumba amatafari kugira ngo umusaruro ugire imyenge runaka nyuma yo gutwika.
2) Uburyo bwo kuvomera. Shyiramo ibintu bivamo ifuro, nk'isabune ya rosin, nibindi mu ibumba ryo kubumba amatafari, hanyuma ubikoremo ifuro hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mashini. Nyuma yo gutwika, haboneka ikintu gifite imyenge.
3) Uburyo bwa shimi. Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa shimi bushobora gukora gaze neza, umusaruro ufite imyenge uboneka mu gihe cyo gukora amatafari, akenshi dolomite cyangwa periclase hamwe na gypsum, na aside sulfurike nk'ifuro.
4) Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu bifite imyenge. Koresha ubutaka karemano bwa diatomaceous cyangwa ibumba ry’ubukorano rya foam clinker, alumina cyangwa zirconia ifite imyenge, n’ibindi bikoresho fatizo bifite imyenge kugira ngo ukore amatafari yoroshye kandi adashobora gushonga.
Gukoresha ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe buke nk'ibikoresho bikora mu itanura bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi; kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho; bishobora kandi kugabanya uburemere bw'umubiri w'itanura, koroshya imiterere y'itanura, kunoza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, no kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ikirere. Kunoza imiterere y'akazi. Ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'urwego rwo kwirinda ubushyuhe, uruhande rwo hejuru cyangwa uruhande rwo kwirinda ubushyuhe rw'itanura.
1. Amatafari akingira alumina
Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe ya alumina akoresha corundum ivanze, alumina ivanze, na alumina yo mu nganda nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye bw'ikirere cya aside na alkali kandi birwanya kugabanya ubushyuhe, hamwe no kudahangarwa neza n'ubushyuhe. Ishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire munsi ya 1700°C. Uburyo bwo kuyikora bukoresha ubwoko bubiri bw'uburyo bwa foam n'uburyo bwo kongeramo inyongera. Ibicuruzwa bikorwa n'uburyo bwa foam bifite imiterere imwe, ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, n'ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukingira ubushyuhe.
Amatafari ya alumina akingira ubushyuhe ni yoroshye, afite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukanda, ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, agabanya ubushyuhe nyuma yo kongera gutwika, kandi arwanya ubushyuhe neza. Ashobora gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe cyangwa amatanura akoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi bihura n'umuriro. Kandi ni ibikoresho bikoresha ubushyuhe neza, ariko ntibikwiriye ahantu haterwa ingese n'amazi y'itanura n'ibisigazwa byashongeshejwe. Afite kandi ubuziranenge bwinshi iyo akoreshejwe mu kirere giciriritse. Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa bushingiye ku buziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, muri rusange kugeza kuri 1650 ~ 1800 ° C. Reba Imbonerahamwe ya 3-105 kugira ngo umenye ibipimo bisanzwe by'umubiri n'imiti by'ibyo bicuruzwa.
2. Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe bwinshi ya aluminiyumu
Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe bwinshi ni ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bifite ubushyuhe bungana na 48% bikozwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi. Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane akozwe muri bauxite nk'ibikoresho fatizo, ahujwe n'ibumba nk'ibikoresho fatizo, avanze n'udupfundikizo n'umukungugu w'ibiti. Kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere y'ibicuruzwa, hongerwamo alumina yo mu nganda, corundum, sillimanite, kyanite, na silica. Ifu nziza ishobora gukorwamo ibintu bifite ubunini butandukanye n'ubushyuhe butandukanye. Ubusanzwe, ubushyuhe bwo gukoreshwa ni 1250 ~ 1350℃, kandi amwe ashobora kugera kuri 1550℃.
Amatafari yo gushyushya cyane akozwe ahanini hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa foam, kandi ingano y'umusaruro iri hagati ya 0.4 ~ 1.0g / cm3, kandi ashobora no gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutwika. Ibipimo by'umubiri n'ibinyabutabire by'amatafari yo gushyushya cyane akoreshwa muri aluminiyumu bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 3-106.
Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe bwinshi ashobora gukoreshwa mu kubaka ibice bikingira ubushyuhe n'ibice bitangiritse cyangwa ngo bisukurwe n'ibikoresho bikomeye bishongeshejwe. Iyo ahuye n'umuriro, ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'amatafari akingira ubushyuhe menshi ntabwo bugomba kurenza 1350°C. Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe menshi ashobora gukorana n'umuriro mu buryo butaziguye, kandi afite imiterere yo kudashyuha cyane, gukomera cyane, no kuzigama ingufu. Akwiriye gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibikoresho bishyushye, amatafari ya keramike, amatafari y'amashanyarazi ya porcelain, n'amatafari atandukanye arwanya ubushyuhe. Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe ya corundum-mullite afite Al2O3 ya 82.4% ashobora gukoreshwa nk'ikuta ry'itanura kuri 1550°C.
3. Amatafari akoreshwa mu gukingira ibidukikije ashingiye ku ibumba
Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe akozwe mu ibumba ni ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bifite 30%-48% Al2O3 ikozwe mu ibumba rirwanya ubushyuhe nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze, hakoreshejwe ibumba rirwanya ubushyuhe, amasaro areremba, n'ibumba rirwanya ubushyuhe nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze, byongeramo ibifunga n'umukungugu w'ibiti. Mu kuvanga, kuvanga, gukora, kumisha, no gutwika, ibicuruzwa bifite ubucucike bwa 0.3 ~ 1.5g / cm3 birashobora kuboneka, kandi ingano y'umusaruro igizwe n'ibirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'amatafari akingira ubushyuhe.
Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukora amatafari akingira ubushyuhe mu ibumba ni uburyo bwo kongeramo amasaro aremba, kandi uburyo bwo gutwika amatafari bushobora no gukoreshwa. Reba Imbonerahamwe ya 3-107 kugira ngo umenye ibipimo nyabyo by'amatafari akingira ubushyuhe ashingiye ku ibumba.
Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe ashingiye ku ibumba afite akamaro kanini. Akoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bishyuha no mu mashyiga yo mu nganda. Ashobora gukoreshwa ku bice bitangiritse cyangwa ngo byozwe n'ibikoresho bikomeye bishongeshejwe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Hari ubuso buhuye n'umuriro butwikiriwe n'ururabyo. Igitambaro gikingira ubushyuhe gishobora kugabanya isuri hakoreshejwe umukungugu wa gaze n'ifuru kandi kikagabanya kwangirika. Ubushyuhe bw'imikorere y'ikintu ntiburenga ubushyuhe bw'igerageza ry'umurongo usubira inyuma. Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe akoreshwa mu bwoko bw'ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bifite imyenge myinshi. Iki gikoresho gifite imyenge kuva kuri 30% kugeza kuri 50%, kandi imyenge yacyo ni mibi, ariko imbaraga zacyo za mashini n'ubudahangarwa bwacyo ni byiza.
4. Amatafari akingira ubwiza bwa silikoni
Amatafari arwanya ubushyuhe akozwe muri silica nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze, kandi arwanya ubushyuhe afite SiO2 iri munsi ya 91%. Uretse ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe, amatafari arwanya silica agumana imiterere y'amatafari ya silica ku rugero runini. Ubushyuhe bwo gutangira bworoshye ni bwinshi, kandi ingano iragenda yiyongera gato mu gihe cyo gushyushya, ibyo bikaba byongera ubuziranenge bw'itanura.
Imikorere ya GGR-1.20 y'amatafari akingira ubushyuhe akoreshwa mu itanura ry'inganda yavuzwe mu Indangagaciro z'Ubushinwa YB386-1994, ubucucike bw'umubyimba ntiburenze 1.2g/cm3, imbaraga zo gukanda ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba ntiziri munsi ya 5MPa, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gutangira bworoshye munsi y'umutwaro uri munsi ya 0.1MPa ntiburi munsi ya 1520℃, ingano ya SiO2 ntiri munsi ya 91%.
Iki gicuruzwa kibereye mu nganda zikora amatanura cyangwa mu nganda zirinda ubushyuhe, zidahura n'ibikoresho bishongeshejwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi kandi zidahura n'imyuka yangiza. Ubushyuhe bw'akazi k'amabuye ntiburenze 1550°C.
Amatafari akingira ubushyuhe ashingiye kuri silica yangiza cyane umubiri w'umuntu bitewe n'umukungugu wa silica, kandi inzira iragoye kurusha ibumba n'amatafari akingira ubushyuhe akoresha aluminiyumu nyinshi, kandi bitanga igice gito cy'umusaruro wose w'ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bitanga ubushyuhe.
5. Amatafari akingira umwuka wa Diatomite
Amatafari yo gukingira ubushyuhe ya Diatomite ni ikintu gikoreshwa mu gukingira ubushyuhe gikozwe muri diatomite nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Amatafari yo gukingira ubushyuhe ya Diatomite afite imyenge migufi ifunze, afite imyenge myinshi, afite ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe, ariko imbaraga nke za mashini, cyane cyane iyo amaze kuba matose, imbaraga zigabanuka cyane. Ibigize shimi by'ingenzi ni SiO2, hagakurikiraho Al2O3, hamwe n'icyuma na potasiyumu. , Sodiyumu, kalisiyumu, okiside ya manyeziyumu n'indi myanda.
Ibipimo nyabyo by'amatafari yo gukingira ya diatomite bigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 3-108. Ibikoresho byo gukingira amatafari ya diatomite bifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ubushobozi bwo kubyihanganira ni hafi 1280 ℃ gusa, bityo ubushyuhe bwo kuyakoresha ntibuba buri hejuru. Bishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu gice cyo gukingira kiri munsi ya 900°C.
6. Ibicuruzwa bya perlite byagutse
Ibicuruzwa bya perlite byagutse ni ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bikozwe muri perlite nk'igice cy'ingenzi. Ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bikozwe muri perlite yagutse nk'isima ivanze n'iy'amazi, ikirahuri cy'amazi, fosifate, nibindi, nyuma yo kuvanga, kuvanga, gukora, kumisha, gukaranga cyangwa gusya. Ubucucike bwa perlite yagutse ni buto, muri rusange ni 40 ~ 120g / cm3 gusa; ubucucike ntabwo buri hejuru, muri rusange ni 1280 ~ 1360 °C. Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw'ibicuruzwa bifite ibikoresho bitandukanye bwo gufatanya buratandukanye, akenshi buri munsi ya 1000 °C.
Ibicuruzwa bya perlite byagutse bishyirwa mu byiciro 200, 250, 300 na 350kg/m34 hakurikijwe ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa mu gipimo cy'igihugu. Dukurikije ubwoko bwa sima ikoreshwa, igabanyijemo ibikomoka kuri perlite byagutse bifatanye na sima, ibikomoka kuri perlite byagutse bifatanye n'amazi mu kirahuri, ibikomoka kuri perlite byagutse bifatanye na fosfeti, n'ibikomoka kuri perlite byagutse bifatanye na asphalt.
7. Ibicuruzwa bya vermiculite byagutse
Ibicuruzwa bya vermiculite byagutse ni ibicuruzwa bikingira ubushyuhe hamwe na vermiculite yagutse nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa bya vermiculite byagutse ushingiye ku bunini runaka bwa vermiculite yagutse nk'igiteranyo, wongeramo ibivange n'ibifunga, ukavanga n'amazi mu rugero runaka, hanyuma ugashyiraho, ukamisha, ukaranze cyangwa ugatunganya kugira ngo habeho ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe. Ibicuruzwa bifite ubucucike butandukanye, ibivange, n'ibifunga bifite ubushyuhe butandukanye bwo gukoreshwa, kandi ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 1000°C bukunze gukoreshwa. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa bya vermiculite byagutse, ubusanzwe bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'ibifunga byakoreshejwe n'ubwoko bw'ibifunga byakoreshejwe. Dukurikije ibikoresho bifatanya, bishobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho bifatanya by'umwimerere, ibikoresho bifatanya by'umwimerere n'ibicuruzwa bifatanya by'umwimerere n'ibivanze. Dukurikije ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa, bishobora kugabanywamo ibicuruzwa bimwe bivanze, ibiteranyo byinshi n'ibivangavanze.
Vermiculite yagutse ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe buke, imbaraga nke, kandi ntishobora kwirinda amazi, bityo ikoreshwa ryayo riba rito cyane. Iyo ibikoresho bikomeye byo gusima bikoreshejwe mu guhuza vermiculite yagutse mu gicuruzwa cyarangiye, izaba ifite imbaraga nyinshi kurusha vermiculite yagutse kandi ishobora kwihanganira umutwaro mwinshi; iyo ikoresheje ibikoresho byo gusima bidakoresha amazi kugira ngo ifatanye vermiculite yagutse, umusaruro uvamo ugira ubushobozi bwo kudakoresha amazi kandi ushobora gukoreshwa aho hari amazi. Uburyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gifunga ubusanzwe buba buri hejuru y'ubwa vermiculite yagutse, bityo kongeramo icyuma gifunga bituma ibuye ryagutse rya oyster rigira akamaro gashya, Ariko kandi bigabanya ingaruka zo gukingira ubushyuhe bwa vermiculite yagutse.
8. Urubaho rwa silikoni ya kalisiyumu
Udupira twa silicate twa kalisiyumu dukozwe mu butaka bwa diatomaceous na lime nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi, kandi ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bikozwe no kongeramo fibre yo gushimangira nabyo byitwa calcium silicate board na microporous calcium silicate board. Udupira twa silicate twa kalisiyumu dugabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri hakurikijwe imiterere yatwo: kimwe ni calcium silicate board isanzwe, chemical composition ya CaO/SiO2 ni hafi 0.8, mineral composition ni tobermorite (tobermorite, 5CaO·6SiO2·5H2O); ikindi ni calcium silicate ikomeye, chemical composition ya CaO/SiO2 ni hafi 1.0, naho mineral composition ni calcium silicate ikomeye.
Silikasiyumu ifite imiterere myiza nko kuba ifite ubushobozi buke, gutandukana gukomeye, ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, imiterere yoroshye, n'igipimo gito cyo gutakaza. Ubucucike bw'urubaho rwa silicate rwa kalisiyumu buvugwa cyane ku isi ko butarenze 220kg/m3, kandi bumwe bugabanyijemo ubwoko 33 butarenze 220kg/m3, butarenze 170kg/m3, kandi butarenze 130kg/m; Ubushinwa bushyirwa mu byiciro bitarenze 240kg /cm3, butarenze 220kg/cm3, butarenze 170kg/cm3. Imbaraga zo gukanda zirenze 0.4MPa, imbaraga zo gukanda zirenze 0.2MPa; ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe (70℃ ± 5℃) ni 0.049 ～0.064W/(m·K) ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gukora, naho torbe mullite ni 650℃, ubwoko bwa silicate ya kalisiyumu ni 1000℃.
Urubaho rwa silicate rwa kalisiyumu rushobora guterwa cyangwa gukorerwamo imisumari, kandi rushobora gukorwamo imbaho, bloki cyangwa udusanduku. Rushobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kwirinda ubushyuhe ku miyoboro y'ubushyuhe n'amatanura yo mu nganda mu ngufu z'amashanyarazi, inganda zikora imiti, ibyuma, amato, nibindi; gukingira inkongi n'ubushyuhe mu nyubako, ibikoresho n'ibikoresho, Rushobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukingira ubushyuhe bw'urubaho rwo kumisha urubura n'urubaho rw'imodoka; impande zombi z'urubaho rwa silicate rwa kalisiyumu rushobora gufatishwa veneer ya pulasitiki, plywood, sima ya asbestos, nibindi. Rushobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kwirinda ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho byinshi byo mu ikoranabuhanga byo kwirinda ubushyuhe ku isi bikoresha urubaho rwa silicate rwa kalisiyumu, kandi bimwe mu bihugu bikoresha urubaho rwa silicate rwa kalisiyumu mu gukumira ubushyuhe mu nganda bingana na 70% kugeza 80%.
9. Itafari ry'uduce duto (Itafari rya Cenosphere)
Amatafari ya Cenosphere ni ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bikozwe muri Cenosphere nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1970, igihugu cyanjye cyatangiye gukoresha cenosphere z'ivu ry'umukungugu mu gukora amatafari akingira ubushyuhe ashingiye ku ibumba. Kubera uburyo bworoshye n'umutungo mwinshi, ubwiza bw'umusaruro ni bwiza. Kuva mu myaka ya 1980, uburyo bwo gukaraba cyangwa kongeramo cenosphere z'ivu ry'umukungugu byakoreshejwe mu gukora amatafari ya Cenosphere.
Amatafari ya Cenosphere ni utubumbe tw’ubururu twakozwe mu kirahuri cya silicate cya aluminium cyavanywe mu ivu ry’ivu riva mu nganda zitanga ingufu z’ubushyuhe. Gifite uburemere bworoshye, urukuta ruto, ubuso burimo ubururu, uburebure buke bw’ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bwo gukingira neza, ubushobozi bwo gukomeretsa cyane, n’imbaraga zo gukandagira cyane. N’indi mikorere. Hakoreshejwe ibi biranga cenosphere, ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bifite ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe neza bishobora gukorwa. Umusaruro w’amatafari ya Cenosphere ushobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwumye gato, bufite inzira yoroshye kandi idasaba inzira yo kurangiza.
Amatafari ya Cenosphere aruta ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gukingira ubushyuhe mu buryo busanzwe, mu mbaraga za mashini, mu bushyuhe bwinshi, mu gutwara ubushyuhe, no mu mikoreshereze yabyo, kandi agereranywa n'imigozi ya silicate. Iki gikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mu matanura atandukanye y'inganda ashyushye cyane ku bushyuhe bwa 1200°C kugira ngo kigere ku ntego yo kunoza imikorere y'ubushyuhe no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Amatafari ya Cenosphere akoreshwa mu matanura y'inganda n'ibikoresho bishyushye cyane mu byuma, imashini, imiti, peteroli, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, inganda z'urumuri, ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'izindi nzego. Muri rusange, ashobora kuzigama ingufu ku kigero cya 15% kugeza kuri 40%. Ni ubwoko bushya bwiza bw'ibikoresho byoroshye. Ibikoresho bishyushya.
10. Itafari ry'umubumbe w'ubururu
Itafari ry'umubumbe udafite aho uboshye rya Alumina
Amatafari y’umubumbe udafite ubushyuhe ni ikintu gikingira ubushyuhe gifite umubumbe udafite ubushyuhe nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Ibipimo bisanzwe by'ikoranabuhanga by'amatafari y’umubumbe udafite ubushyuhe ni ibi bikurikira: Ingano ya Al2O3 ntabwo iri munsi ya 98%, Ingano ya SiO2 ntabwo iri hejuru ya 0.5%, Ingano ya Fe2O3 ntabwo iri hejuru ya 0.2%, Ubucucike bw'umubumbe ni 1.3 ~ 1.4g / cm3, Imisokoro igaragara ni 60% ~ 80%, Ingufu zo gukanda ntabwo ziri munsi ya 9.8MPa, Ubushyuhe bworoshye bw'umutwaro (0.2MPa) ntabwo buri munsi ya 1700℃, naho ubushyuhe butwara ni 0.7 ~ 0.8W / (m·K).
Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukingira ubushyuhe n'ibikomoka ku binyabutabire, amatafari y'umubumbe wa alumina arangwa n'imyenge myinshi ifunze mu gicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, ifite imbaraga nyinshi n'imiterere ihamye y'imyenge, ubucucike buke n'ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by'amatafari biri munsi ya 1800℃, nk'amatafari y'amatafari afite ubushyuhe bwinshi mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ibikomoka kuri ceramic; ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe ku bikoresho bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, nk'amatafari akoresha gaze mu nganda zikora peteroli, amatafari ya gaze, imashini zikoresha amakara, amatafari akoresha induction mu nganda zikora ibyuma.
B Itafari ry'umubumbe w'ubururu bwa Zirconia
Amatafari y’umubumbe udafite ubushyuhe ni ikintu gikingira ubushyuhe gikozwe mu tubumbe dudafite ubushyuhe twa zirconia nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi. Igice cy'ingenzi cya kristu cy'iri tafari ni zirconia ya cubic (hafi 70% kugeza 80% by'ibikubiye mu miterere y'amabuye y'agaciro), kandi imikorere yaryo isanzwe ni: Ubushyuhe burenze 2400℃, porosity igaragara ni 55% ~ 60%, ubucucike bw'ingano ni 2.5 ~ 3.0g / cm3, imbaraga zo gukanda ntabwo ziri munsi ya 4.9MPa, kandi ubushyuhe butwara ni 0.23 ~ 0.35W / (m·K).
Uduce tw’ubururu bwa Zirconia ni ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe kandi bikora neza cyane. Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukoreshwa ni 2200°C. Amatafari y’ubururu bwa Zirconia afite imbaraga nyinshi mu bushyuhe bwinshi n’imiterere ihamye y’imyenge, bityo ashobora gukoreshwa neza ku bushyuhe bwinshi bwa 2200°C. Amatafari y’ubururu bwa Zirconia afite ubucucike buke kandi nta bushyuhe bwinshi atwara, ibyo bikaba bigabanya gusa ubushyuhe, ahubwo binagabanya kubika ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, nk'igikoresho gishyushya cyane gihuza umuriro mu bikoresho bishyushya nk'ibyuma, peteroli, inganda za chimique, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, nibindi, bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu no kugabanya uburemere bw'itanura rishyushya cyane, kandi ingaruka zo kurikoresha ni nziza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-26-2021