Itandukaniro riri hagati y'inyongeramusaruro n'ibivange

Itandukaniro nyamukuru - Inyongeramusaruro ugereranije n'ibivanze

Inyongeramusaruro n'ibivange ni ibice by'imiti byongerwa ku bindi bikoresho kugira ngo binoze imiterere yabyo ya shimi n'iy'umubiri. Nubwo byombi ari ibice byongerwa ku bindi bikoresho, hari itandukaniro hagati y'inyongeramusaruro n'ibivange iyo bigeze ku mvange ya sima na beto. Inyongeramusaruro zishobora kuba inyongeramusaruro z'ibiribwa cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyongerwa ku kintu mu rugero ruto kugira ngo kirusheho kunozwa cyangwa kibungabungwe. Ku rundi ruhande, inyongeramusaruro ni ibice byongerwa ku mvange ya beto mu gihe cyo kuvanga. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'inyongeramusaruro n'ibivange ni uko inyongeramusaruro zongerwa kuri sima mu gihe cyo gukora kugira ngo haboneke imiterere mishya ya sima mu gihe inyongeramusaruro zongerwa ku mvange ya beto mu gihe cyo kuvanga kugira ngo haboneke imiterere mishya.

Inyongeramusaruro ni iki?

Inyongeramusaruro ni ibice bya shimi byongerwa kuri sima mu gihe cyo gukora kugira ngo haboneke imiterere mishya ya sima. Ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu gukora sima ni lime, silica, alumina na oxide y'icyuma. Ibi bikoresho birasya bigahinduka ifu nziza hanyuma bikavangwa hanyuma bigakaranga. Gushyushya iyi mvange kugeza kuri 1500oC bizatangiza ibikorwa byinshi bya shimi bitanga imiterere ya nyuma ya sima.

Kugira ngo haboneke imiterere yifuzwa, inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zongerwa kuri sima mu gihe cyo gukora.

Ibikoresho byo kwihutisha
Imashini zihutisha ibintu zongerwaho kugira ngo zigabanye igihe cyo gutembera kwa sima no kwihutisha iterambere ry'imbaraga zo gukanda.

Abahunga
Abakora sima bongera igihe cyo kuyihagarika. Ibi bifasha sima kugira igihe gihagije cyo gushyiramo ubutare mu byobo birebire.

Ibikoresho byo gutatanya ibintu
Uduce duto twongerwamo kugira ngo tugabanye ubukana bw'urusenda rwa sima no kugira ngo icyondo gikureho neza mu gihe cyo gushyiramo.

Ibikoresho byo kugenzura igihombo cy'amazi
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura igihombo cy'amazi bigenzura igihombo cy'amazi ava muri sima ajya mu gice cy'amazi.

Zimwe mu mashini zihutisha ibintu zongerwa muri sima ni calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), amazi yo mu nyanja na potassium chloride (KCl).

Ibivange ni iki?
Ibivange ni ibice by'imiti byongerwa mu bivange bya beto mu gihe cyo kuvanga kugira ngo haboneke imiterere mishya. Ibivange ni ibice biri muri beto itari sima, amazi n'ibindi. Ibivange byongerwa muri sima mbere cyangwa mu gihe cyo kuvanga imvange ya beto.

Ibivange byongerwa kuri:

-Gushyira umwuka mu kirere nkana
-Gabanya ikiguzi cy'amazi
-Ongera ubushobozi bwo gukora
- Hindura igihe cyo gusoza
-Hindura imbaraga

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibivange byashyizwe mu byiciro bikurikira hamwe n'ingero zimwe na zimwe.

Ibivange by'umwuka bivangwa n'umwuka - umunyu w'ibiti bya resins, isabune zimwe na zimwe z'ubukorikori, umunyu wa aside peteroli
Amapulasitiki
Ibivange bigabanya amazi – lignosulfonates, aside hydroxylated carboxylic, nibindi.
Ibivange byihutisha - kalisiyumu kloride, sodium thiocyanate, nibindi.
Ibivange bitinda gusohoka - lignin, borax, isukari, nibindi.
Ibibuza ingese, nibindi.

Itandukaniro riri hagati y'inyongeramusaruro n'ibivange

Ibisobanuro
Inyongeramusaruro: Inyongeramusaruro ni ibice bya shimi byongerwa kuri sima mu gihe cyo gukora kugira ngo haboneke imiterere mishya ya sima.

Ibivange: Ibivange ni ibice bya shimi byongerwa mu bivange bya beto mu gihe bivangwa kugira ngo bibone imiterere mishya.

Ibikoresho fatizo
Inyongeramusaruro: Inyongeramusaruro zongerwa kuri sima.

Ibivange: Ibivange byongerwa kuri beto.

Inyongera
Inyongeramusaruro: Inyongeramusaruro zongerwa kuri sima mu gihe cyo gukora.

Ibivange: Ibivange byongerwa kuri beto mbere cyangwa mu gihe cyo kuvanga.

Ubwoko butandukanye
Inyongeramusaruro: Inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zishyirwa mu byiciro nk'ibinyabutabire, ibitera imbaraga, ibikwirakwiza amazi, ibigabanya ubushyuhe, nibindi.

Uruvange: Uruvange rutandukanye rushyirwa mu byiciro nk'uruvange rufata umwuka, uruvange rwa pulasitiki, uruvange rugabanya amazi, n'ibindi.

Umwanzuro
Inyongeramusaruro zongerwa kuri sima mu gihe cyo gukora. Inyongeramusaruro zongerwa ku mvange ya beto mbere cyangwa mu gihe cyo kuvanga. Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y’inyongeramusaruro n’inyongeramusaruro ni uko inyongeramusaruro zongerwa kuri sima mu gihe cyo gukora kugira ngo haboneke imiterere mishya ya sima mu gihe inyongeramusaruro zongerwa ku mvange ya beto mu gihe cyo kuvanga kugira ngo haboneke imiterere mishya.