Nubwo ushobora kuba utabizi, isi ya none ifite impamvu nyinshi zo gushimira ku bw'imiterere y'ikirere.
Abantu bake ni bo bazi ko ariho, ndetse ni bake bazi aho bakomoka. Nubwo kureba Wikipedia, isoko y'amasoko yose, bizamenyesha abatabizi ko, “Cenosphere ni uruziga rworoshye, rudafite ikintu, rufite ubugari rugizwe ahanini na silica na alumina kandi rwuzuyemo umwuka cyangwa gaze idafite ikintu, akenshi rukorwa nk'umusaruro w'amakara atwikwa mu nganda zitanga ingufu z'ubushyuhe. Ibara rya cenosphere riratandukanye kuva ku ivu kugeza hafi y'umweru kandi ubucucike bwazo buri hagati ya 0.4–0.8 g/cm3 (0.014–0.029 lb/cu in), ibi biziha ubushobozi bwo kuzura cyane.”
Ariko, ibyo ntacyo bisobanuye ku bwiza nyakuri bw'utu dupira duto, ariko dufite imbaraga, tw'ivu ry'umukungugu. Kuko imbaraga zatwo nyazo zishingiye ku buryo butandukanye bwo kuzikoresha. Nk'uko ikinyamakuru cy'inganda zo mu Bufaransa, Industrie & Technologies, kibivuga, "Kubera ubucucike bwazo buke, ingano nto, imiterere y'uruziga, imbaraga za mekanike, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushonga, ubushyuhe bwa shimi, ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe buke, microspheres [zizwi kandi nka cenospheres] zigira uruhare runini mu nganda. By'umwihariko, [ni nziza] mu gukomeza ibikoresho cyangwa gutanga imiterere yo kurwanya ingese, cyangwa ubushyuhe n'urusaku ku bifuniko cyangwa amarangi. Bishobora kuvugwa ko ari ibintu byuzuza imikorere myinshi kandi bigashyirwa neza muri resins na binders nka thermoplastics na thermosetting."
Uduce tw'isine mu irangi n'amabara
Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha cenospheres mu nganda zikora amarangi n'inganda, bitewe n'ubwiza bw'inyongera zitanga. Urugero, cenospheres zikunze gukoreshwa mu gusiga kugira ngo zigenzure imirasire ya infrared, ibyo bikingi birushaho kuba byiza kurusha izigerageza kugabanya ubushyuhe.
Hagati aho, impuguke mu gusiga irangi muri Petra Buildcare Products, zisobanura uburyo cenospheres, “… zinoza ireme ry’irangi binyuze mu kunoza ingano n’ubucucike bw’ikintu. Nyuma yo gukoresha ku rukuta, amasaro ya ceramic akunda kugabanuka bityo bigatuma habaho agapira gapfunyitse ku rukuta.”
Uduce tw'isine mu byuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga
Cenospheres zikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora 'foams syntactic'. Izi ni ibintu bikomeye byihariye bikoresha cenospheres nk'ibyuzuza kugira ngo bitange inyungu zitandukanye, kuva ku giciro gito, kugeza ku mbaraga zongerewe, kurinda amajwi, kureremba no kurinda ubushyuhe.
Impuguke zo muri Engineered Syntactic Systems zisobanura ifuro rya syntactic ku buryo bukurikira;
“Igice cya 'syntactic' kivuga ku miterere itunganijwe itangwa n’utubumbe tw’ubudodo. Ijambo 'foam' risobanura imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’ibikoresho. Kubera imiterere yabyo yihariye y’imbaraga nyinshi ku bucucike buke, ifuro rya syntactic ryakoreshejwe cyane mu bikorwa byo mu mazi yo munsi y’inyanja. Ibikoresho bya syntactic birwanya ingaruka zihuriweho z’umuvuduko wa hydrostatic no kwigaragaza igihe kirekire, ibyo bigatuma biba byiza mu mishinga yo mu nyanja nko gusimbuka insinga n’ibyuma bikomeye ndetse no gushyigikira ibikoresho. Bitanga kandi imbaraga n’ubuziranenge bw’imiterere ku buremere buri hasi cyane kuri buri ngano kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe, ibyo bigatuma biba amahitamo meza mu bikorwa byinshi byo mu ngabo no mu ikoranabuhanga.”
Uduce tw'amazi mu gucukura peteroli
Kugira ngo umenye akamaro katazwi k’ibice by’isi, ntugomba kureba kure uruhare runini bigira mu nganda za peteroli. Nubwo buri wese azi akamaro ka peteroli mu isi ya none, ni ikintu kizwi cyane ko ibice by’isi by’isi, nk’uko ikinyamakuru cy’inganda zo mu Bufaransa, Industrie & Technologies, kibivuga, “…byakoreshejwe imyaka myinshi mu rwego rwo gucukura peteroli kugira ngo bigabanye ubucucike bwa sima ya peteroli hatabayeho kongera amazi.”
Uduce tw'amashanyarazi muri pulasitiki na polimeri
Cenospheres nazo zikoreshwa mu gukora pulasitiki na polimeri, kuko imiterere yazo cyangwa imbaraga zazo zishobora kongera guhindurwa bifasha kwirinda gucikagurika kwa thermoplastics na thermosetting plastics.
Nanone zikoreshwa mu bikoresho bigezweho mu nganda z'imodoka. Urugero, Chevrolet Corvette yo mu 2016 irimo "imvange y'ibirahure aho imiyoboro y'ibirahure isimbura calcium carbonate filler hanyuma ikagabanya ibiro 9 ku buremere bw'imodoka ya siporo ya Stingray Coupe." Visi Perezida w'uruganda, Continental Structural Plastics Inc., Probir Guha, asobanura impamvu yo gushyiramo cenospheres muri iyo mvange, avuga ko, "formula isanzwe ya SMC kuri ubu bwoko bw'imodoka igizwe na 20% by'ingano y'ibirahure byo kongeramo fibre, 35% bya resin na 45% byuzuza, akenshi calcium carbonate," yongeraho ati, "Iyi mvange nshya ya SMC [imvange y'ibirahure] irahangana n'igiciro cya aluminiyumu."
Uduce tw'isine muri Beto
Mu myaka myinshi, cenospheres zabaye inyongeramusaruro y'ingirakamaro kuri sima, zitanga imbaraga ziyongereye, cyangwa se ubushyuhe bw'amajwi, ndetse zinagabanya ubucucike. Jeff Girard, Perezida wa The Concrete Countertop Institute, asobanura izi nyungu, agira ati: “Muri rusange, cenospheres zishobora gusimbura umucanga umwe usanzwe ukoreshwa muri sima. Cenospheres zifite ubucucike buri munsi y'amazi (ikigereranyo cya 0.7 ugereranije n'amazi ya 1.0); uduce tw'umucanga wa quartz dusanzwe dufite ubucucike bwa 2.65. Ibi bivuze ko ikiro kimwe cya cenospheres bifata ubunini bungana n'ibiro 3.8 by'umucanga.”
Industrie & Technologies, inagaragaza ikoreshwa rya cenospheres nk'uburyo bwo kugabanya ihumana ry'urusaku, ivuga ko, “[Cenospheres zikoreshwa] mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi kugira ngo zoroshye sima, mu gihe zigumana imbaraga zo gukanda za 30 MPa ku bucucike bwa 1.6 T / m3, zinoza ubukana bwazo kandi zikagabanya uburyo amajwi yazo yoherezwa. Urugero, Ikigo cya Scientific and Technical Center of Applied Nanotechnologies (STCAN) cya St. Petersburg gikora mu kubaka ibiraro bifite bene sima mu Burusiya, [kugira ngo umuhanda utuze]. Cenospheres nazo zikoreshwa mu kunoza ubushyuhe n'ubwirinzi bw'amajwi bya plaster, mortars na plaster, bikoreshwa ku nkuta, hasi no ku gisenge. Kongeraho 40% by'ubwirinzi bwa cenospheres bigabanya ingano y'urusaku.”
Uduce tw'amazi mu by'imiti
Uduce tw’urukiramende twakoreshejwe mu nganda zikora imiti mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, kuko uduce duto dushobora gukora nk'igikoresho cyo gutwara ibintu hafi ya cyose iyo dusizwe imiti. Byongeye kandi, nk'uko ikinyamakuru cy’inganda zo mu Bufaransa, Industrie & Technologies, kibivuga, “Uduce tw’urukiramende twasizwe na okiside y’ifeza dushobora, urugero, gushyirwa mu mavuta yo kwihutisha gukira kw’ibikomere.”
Ubwinshi bw'ibice mu nganda ziteye imbere
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi burimo gukorwa kugira ngo havumburwe uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha iki gicuruzwa gifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu. Urugero, hari gukorwa ibintu bishya bya catalysts mu nzira yo gutwika methane hakoreshejwe cenospheres za rukuruzi.
Uduce tw’amashanyarazi (cenospheres) turimo gukoreshwa mu guteza imbere ibyuma bivanze (MMC), ibikoresho bitandukanye bigerageza guhuza ingufu nyinshi, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka, n’ubucucike buke bw’uduce tw’amashanyarazi n’imiterere y’ibindi bintu. Abandi, nka Paul Biju-Duval wo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ikoranabuhanga rya Georgia rikorera i Atlanta, bakoze cyane mu guteza imbere ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bitagira sima. Akazi ke karakomeje, yongeraho uruvange rw’ibintu nk’imiyoboro y’amabuye y’agaciro nk’uburyo bwo gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kubaka, buhendutse, bukomeye, kandi butangiza ibidukikije.
Hagati aho, Ikigo cy’Ubutabire n’Ikoranabuhanga rya Chimie cy’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Abarusiya i Krasnoyarsk, kirimo kwiga uburyo cenospheres zishobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwa catalytic. Mu gihe sisitemu za BAE zigerageza gukoresha cenospheres mu irangi nk'uburyo bwo gushyigikira kutagaragara mu buryo bwa infrared, bityo bigatuma ubwato bwa gisirikare bugira "amakoti atagaragara".
Kubera uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, ndetse n'uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, ntabwo bitangaje impamvu abantu benshi bashishikajwe no gukoresha cenospheres. Igihe cyose abakora ibicuruzwa bashaka ibikoresho byoroheje, uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga imiti, irangi ryiza, ibisimbura sima, n'ibindi bikoresho bivanze, hazabaho kongerwamo cenospheres. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n'ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku mikoreshereze mishya y'izi nganda zifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha, igihe ni cyo kizagaragaza aho ejo hazaza h'izi nganda ari.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-28-2021