Uburyo bwo kumenya ivu ry'isazi

Ivu ry’ikinyabutabire ryo muri iki gihe rigizwe n’ingano nini ya sulfide cyangwa sulfate (nk’ivu rya gypsum, nibindi), bitandukanye n’ivu ry’ikinyabutabire risanzwe. Iyo rikoreshejwe muri beto ritapimwe, rizatuma beto icika cyane kandi igasenyuka. Nubwo amahame y’ivu ry’ikinyabutabire ariho ubu afite ibipimo bya SO 3, igenzura n’igenwa ry’ivu rya “desulfurised ash” nta gaciro bifite.

(2) "Ivu ryo mu bwoko bwa Denitration"
Kugira ngo ugabanye imyuka ya NO x mu gihe cyo gutwika amakara, ni ngombwa gukora "denitration" mu gihe cyo gutwika amakara. Uburyo bwo gutwika amakara butari bwo bushobora gutuma habaho NH4 isigara mu ivu ry'amakara. Iyo ivu ry'amakara rivanze na sima, rizahura na alkali. Ibidukikije karemano bizarekura NH 3 (gaze ya amoniya), itanga gaze nyinshi mu cyiciro cya pulasitiki cya sima.

(3) "Ivu ry'umukara rireremba"
Mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutwika amakara, kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere myiza yo gutwika amakara cyangwa ibisabwa byihariye ku nganda zitanga amashanyarazi, mazutu cyangwa ibindi bintu bikomoka ku mavuta byongerwaho nk'ibikoresho bifasha mu gutwika amakara. Ibi bikoresho bifasha gutwika ntibishobora gutwikwa burundu kandi bizaguma mu ivu ry'amakara. Amavuta. Cyane cyane nyuma y'uko ivu ry'amakara ritowe, ivu ry'amakara ryakusanyijwe rizaba ririmo andi mavuta adatwitswe, akoreshwa mu kuvanga beto. Aya mavuta arareremba hejuru kandi akagaragara nk'amavuta y'umukara areremba muri beto. Ubwo bwoko bw'ivu ry'amakara bwitwa "ivu ry'umukara rireremba".

Ni gute wamenya umuntu?
(1) Uburyo bwo kureba
Abagenzuzi b'inararibonye bakunze kumenya ubukana n'ibura ry'ivu ry'isazi barebye gusa ibara ry'ivu ry'isazi.
Isura y'ivu ry'ibihumyo isa na sima, kandi ibara riratandukanye kuva ku mweru w'amata kugeza ku ibara ry'umukara wijimye. Ibara ry'ivu ry'ibihumyo ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'ubwiza gishobora kugaragaza ingano n'itandukaniro ry'ingano ya karuboni, kandi ku rugero runaka, rishobora no kugaragaza ivu ry'ibihumyo. Ubunini. Uko ibara ryijimye, ni ko ingano y'uduce tw'ivu ry'ibihumyo iba nto kandi ingano ya karuboni ikaba nyinshi.

Ivu ry'ibihu rigabanyijemo ivu ry'ibihu ridafite kalisiyumu nyinshi n'ivu ry'ibihu ridafite kalisiyumu nyinshi. Muri rusange, ibara ry'ivu ry'ibihu ridafite kalisiyumu nyinshi ni umuhondo, naho ibara ry'ivu ry'ibihu ridafite kalisiyumu nyinshi ni ibara ry'umukara. Uduce tw'ivu ry'ibihu dufite imiterere y'ibihumyo bifite ubuso bunini bwihariye kandi imikorere yabyo ikaba myinshi. Ingano y'uduce iri hagati ya 0.5 na 300 μm. Byongeye kandi, urukuta rw'amasaro rufite imiterere y'ivu ifite imyenge iri hagati ya 50% na 80%, kandi rufite imbaraga zo kwinjiza amazi.

Uretse imiterere karemano, ushobora kandi kongeramo amazi no kuvanga kugira ngo urebe ivu ry'umusazi. Mu kabati k'amazi, ongeramo ivu ry'umusazi rikwiye kugira ngo uvange neza vuba kugira ngo urebe niba hari ivu ry'umukara riri ku mazi kugira ngo urebe ingano ya karuboni iri mu ivu ry'umusazi; niba ibara ry'ivu ry'umusazi ari umukara kandi rifite impumuro idasanzwe, ibitonyanga by'amavuta, ubwo bwoko bw'ivu ry'umusazi bugomba kuba ari ifu igenda ku mazi kandi bugomba kugaruzwa.

Nyuma yo kuvanga ivu ririmo CaO2 na SO3 bikanzwe n'amazi, umuti uba alkaline, hanyuma phenolphthaleine reagent igashyirwamo, isa n'umutuku. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko beto idacika bitewe n'ubwiyongere bwa Ca(OH)2 na calcium sulfoaluminate, umusaruro ugomba kugaruzwa.

Icya kabiri, ushobora kumva impumuro. Fata ivu ry'ibihumyo n'isima mu gikombe ushyiremo amazi hanyuma uvange kugira ngo bibe ururenda. Niba wumva impumuro ya amoniya ikaze, ivu ry'ibihumyo rishobora gufatwa nk'ivu ridafite nitrogen.

Reba ukoresheje mikorosikopi! Kugira ngo umenye ivu ry'impimbano, banza ucenge. Muri rusange, uduce tw'ivu ry'impimbano dufite ingano ntoya tuba tworoshye kandi turimo ikirahure munsi ya mikorosikopi (ukoresheje mikorosikopi inshuro zirenga 100), kandi ubuso bw'uduce dufite ingano nini ntibuba bumeze neza ariko nanone ni nk'uruziga. Iyo ifu y'umusenyi wo mu butaka, ifu y'amabuye, ifu y'ibirayi bivanze cyane, hazabaho uduce twinshi tudahuje neza muri buri rwego rw'ingano y'uduce, cyane cyane mu rwego rw'uduce duto, tuzagaragara nk'aho tudahuje neza kandi dufite impande.

Ese ngomba kwitwaza mikorosikopi kugira ngo mbitandukanye? Uburyo bworoshye ni ubu: gufata kilogarama imwe y'ivu ry'ibisazi ukabishyira mu gikombe, hanyuma ukongeramo amazi, hanyuma ubyuke ukongeramo amazi kugeza igihe yuzuye, hanyuma urebe niba hari urwego rw'amasaro yera areremba hejuru y'amazi, niba koko ahari, niba atari byo, ni amahimbano.

Ku ivu ry’umukungugu, ni ukubanza kuryizingira. Muri rusange, uduce tw’ivu ry’umukungugu tw’ubwoko buto dufite utubumbe tw’ikirahure tworoshye cyane munsi ya mikorosikopi, kandi ubuso bw’uduce tw’ubwoko buto bw’uduce buba butaringaniye ariko bumeze nk’uruziga. Iyo ifu y’umusenyi wo mu butaka, ifu y’amabuye, ifu y’ubushyuhe bw’amazi bivanze cyane, hazabaho uduce twinshi tudahuje muri buri bwoko bw’uduce, cyane cyane mu bwoko bw’uduce duto.

Ivu ry’impinja rifite amahame agenga ikoreshwa ry’igihugu n’ibipimo byaryo, ndetse n’imiterere yabyo ikomeye mu bijyanye n’imiti n’ibipimo bya radiyo. Ibipimo byo gupfunyika, ibipimo by’ubuziranenge. Ibara ni umukara n’umuhondo, ifu, uduce duto cyane, ikiganza kimeze neza kandi cyumye, kandi ubushuhe ni buke cyane. Ivu ry’impinja rikozwe ahanini mu ifu y’amabuye, ifu y’amatafari ivanze n’ivu rito cyangwa slag, kandi bimwe cyangwa byose bipfunyitse mu ifu y’amabuye. Ivu ry’impinja ubwaryo ntabwo ritose kandi nta gikorwa rikora. Ibara ni umweru, kandi hari amabara amwe na amwe aba yanduye cyane. Uburyo ukuboko guteye ni bubi, butose, kandi isakoshi yo gupfunyikamo ntabwo imeze neza. Witondere ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru mugihe uguze ivu ry’impinja kugira ngo umenye neza ko ushobora kugura ivu ry’impinja ryiza.

(2) Ni gute wakora ikizamini cyo kwakira abantu?
Hindura uburyo gakondo bwo gufatira ingero n'aho ziherereye, ni ukuvuga gusudira umuyoboro wihariye wo gufatira ingero ku muyoboro w'icyuma utanga ivu ry'umurambararo ufite umurambararo wa mm 100 ku burebure buhagaze bwa metero 1.5 uvuye ku butaka, ushobora gutoranywa mu buryo butunguranye igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe cyo gusohora ivu ry'umuyoboro. Fata ingero hanyuma umenyeshe ku mugaragaro umucuruzi w'ivu ry'umuyoboro ko niba ibisubizo by'ingero ebyiri bitandukanye mu modoka imwe, azahanwa bikomeye.