Uko ubushakashatsi buhagaze n'iterambere ry'ikoreshwa ry'ivu ry'amakara rifite agaciro kanini

Ukwiyongera kwihuta kw'ingufu ku isi byatanze inzira yo guteza imbere ubundi buryo bw'umutungo kamere. Nyamara, amakara aracyafite uruhare runini mu isoko y'ingufu nyamukuru ku isi. Amakara yari afite 29% by'ingufu zitangwa ku isi mu 2015, kandi bivugwa ko mu 2035, amakara azaba agifite 24% by'ingufu. Nk'umusaruro w'inganda zikoresha amakara, ingano y'ivu ry'amakara izakomeza kuba myinshi igihe kirekire.Ivu ry'amakara Byabaye intandaro y’ibibazo by’ibidukikije bitewe n’imiterere yabyo igoye kandi idakwiye gukoreshwa. Muri icyo gihe, ivu ry’amakara ni umutungo ushobora gukoreshwa byihutirwa. Kuri ubu, ikoreshwa ry’umutungo w’ivu ry’amakara rigizwe n’ibice byinshi bitandukanye, ariko igipimo cyo gukoresha agaciro kanini kiri hasi. Intego yo gukoresha agaciro kanini ni ukwiga imiterere y’ivu ry’amakara. Ivu ry’amakara rigizwe n’uduce duto cyangwa tw’ubusa tudafite imyenge, uduce duto twa karuboni tudatwikwa n’uduce tw’amabuye y’agaciro nka mullite, quartz, hematite, nibindi. Hari itandukaniro mu miterere y’umubiri, imiterere ya shimi n’imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro y’ivu ry’amakara mu bice bitandukanye bikorerwamo. Uburyo rikoreshwa n’akamaro karyo ntabwo ari bimwe. Imiterere igoye y’ivu ry’amakara ni imbogamizi ikomeye ku ikoreshwa ry’agaciro kanini. Ariko, ibice by’ingirakamaro, nka microspheres zidafite imyenge, karuboni idatwikwa, ibikoresho bya rukuruzi, nibindi bishobora gutandukanywa n’ibice bigoye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutandukanya. Imiterere ya shimi n’imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro y’ivu ry’amakara ni ibikoresho fatizo bihendutse ku bicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini nka geopolymers, ikirahure-ceramics na zeolite. Imiterere ya shimi n'ingano y'uduce tw'umwimerere tw'ivu ry'amakara bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mbaraga za geopolymers. Imiterere myiza ya tekiniki igomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku gusuzuma neza imiterere y'ibanze y'ivu ry'amakara mu gutegura geopolymers. Dukurikije imiterere ya shimi y'ivu ry'amakara, ikirahure-keramike byakozwe mu ivu ry'amakara ahanini bigizwe n'uburyo bubiri: CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 na MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, ariko ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu buryo bwo gutegura ni rinini. Uburyo bwo gutwika butaziguye bufite ingufu nke buracyakeneye kwigwaho no gukururwa. Hari igerageza ryinshi rya zeolite ryakozwe mu ivu ry'amakara, ariko hari igerageza rike mu nganda. Ubushakashatsi ku itegurwa ry'igerageza rya mesoporous silica na silica aerosol ntabwo buhagije, imiterere iragoye kugenzura, kandi haracyari inzira ndende mbere y'uko inganda zikora.