Turamutse tuvuze ko sima ari yo ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane ku isi, nta mpaka zaba zihari. Sima ni yo ikoreshwa cyane ku isi, ikaba iya kabiri inyuma y'amazi.
Beto ikomeza gukomezwa ya Fibre iri mu bintu byinshi byakozwe mu rwego rwo kunoza imiterere y'imbaraga n'indi miterere ya beto.
Muri iyi nkuru, tuzasuzuma beto ikoreshwa mu gukurura fibre, icyo iyi beto ari cyo, ubwoko bwayo butandukanye, n'inyungu zayo, hanyuma tumenye niba iyi venge ya beto ikubereye.
Ni iki Fibre Beto ikoreshwa mu buryo burambye?
Beto ishyigikiwe na fibre (FRC) ni beto nshya ishyigikiwe n'ibikoresho bya fibre. Urugero, imigozi miremire y'icyuma. Ubu buryo bwo gushimangira bunoza imiterere ya beto isanzwe.
Ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye bya fibre bikoreshwa mu gukora sima ishyigikiwe na fibre. Ubwo bwoko bwa sima ishyigikiwe bwakunzwe cyane ku buryo ubwoko butandukanye bwa sima ishyigikiwe na fibre bukorwa hashingiwe ku bisabwa gukoreshwa.
Beto ikoreshwa mu byuma bya fibre ikorwa n'iki?
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize beto ikoreshwa mu gusya fibre ni ibi bikurikira:
Sima y'amazi
Igice cy'ingenzi cya sima ikoreshwa mu gukurura fibre ni sima ya hydraulic, iba kole nyuma yo gushyamirana n'amazi. Ubusanzwe, sima ya Portland ikoreshwa nk'isima ya hydraulic muri sima ikoreshwa mu gukurura fibre.
Fibre
Kongeramo imigozi miremire bihindura imiterere ya beto nshya hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'ibikoresho bya fibre bikoreshwa. Hari ibyiciro bine by'imigozi bikoreshwa muri rusange mu gukora beto ishyigikiwe na fibre. Iyi migozi ya beto ni:
Indodo z'icyuma
Indodo z'ikirahure
Indodo z'ubukorikori
Indodo karemano
Ibiteranyo
Ihuriro ritanga imbaraga zo gufatanya muri sima mu gihe rigabanya ingano ya sima ikenewe. Amwe mu mahuriro asanzwe ni umucanga, amabuye asheshwe, n'amabuye.
Amateka magufi ya FRC
FRC imaze igihe kinini ihari, ariko insinga za sima zaravuguruwe. Mu bihe bya kera, iyo inyubako zubakwaga hakoreshejwe amabuye, sima yakoreraga nk'ikintu kizihuza. Sima yashimangirwaga hakoreshejwe ubwoya bw'ifarashi.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu bijyanye no kubaka amatafari y'ibyondo, ibyatsi nibyo byari ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gukomeza. Igihe sima yahindukaga kimwe mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi bikunze gukoreshwa cyane, insinga za asbestos zakoreshejwe nk'inkunga.
Ariko, uko imyaka yagendaga ihita, abantu barushijeho gusobanukirwa ingaruka mbi za asbestos ku buzima n'uburyo itera kanseri. Mu myaka ya za 1960, aho gukoresha asbestos, izindi fibre nk'icyuma n'ibirahure byakunzwe cyane.
Ingaruka za Fibre kuri Beto ni izihe?
Kongeramo imigozi kuri beto bitanga ingaruka nyinshi. Ubunini bw'iyi migozi buratandukanye bitewe n'imigozi yihariye ikoreshwa. Iterambere ry'ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo riterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, nko umubare w'imigozi yo gushimangira ugereranije n'ingano rusange, byitwa igice cy'ubwinshi, n'ikigereranyo cy'ubuso, kiboneka mu kugabanya uburebure bw'imigozi n'umurambararo w'umugozi uvugwa.
Ubusanzwe fibres zifasha cyane mu kugabanya guturika kwa beto binyuze mu kongera imbaraga zayo zo guhindagurika. Guturika kwa beto bibaho bitewe no guturika kwa beto. Guturika kwa beto bishobora kubaho kubera impamvu nyinshi, nko kumisha guturika no guturika kwa plastiki.
Nanone, insinga zigabanya ubushobozi bwa sima bwo kwinjira mu mazu, bikuraho amahirwe yo kuva amazi mu mazu ya sima.
Ni ubuhe bwoko butandukanye bwa sima ikoreshwa mu byuma bya fibre?
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibinyabutabire bya sima bikonjeshwa na fibre mu bikorwa bizwi cyane. Bimwe muri ibyo birimo:
Beto ikoresha fibre y'icyuma
Beto ikoreshwa mu byuma ni imwe mu bwoko bwa FRC buzwi cyane. Kongeramo insinga z'icyuma zikoreshwa mu byuma kuri beto, nubwo byaba ari bike, bitera iterambere rikomeye mu miterere ya beto.
Beto ikoreshwa mu byuma ikoreshwa mu bintu bifite akamaro kanini ka sima nko ku biraro, hasi, mu miyoboro y'amazi, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, mu byuma bikozwe mbere y'igihe, nibindi.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bw'imigozi y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gushimangira sima, nk'insinga ikonje (Ubwoko bwa 1), imigozi y'icyuma ikatwa (Ubwoko bwa 2), ishongeshwa ivanwa mu mazi (Ubwoko bwa 3), icibwa mu nganda (Ubwoko bwa 4), n'insinga ikonje yahinduwe (Ubwoko bwa 5).
Beto ikoreshwa mu byuma bya polypropylene (PFRC)
PFRC ikoresha imigozi ya sintetike yitwa Polypropylene fibers, ubwoko bwa thermoplastic. Hari ibyiza byinshi bitandukanye byo kongeramo polypropylene kuri beto, tuzabiganiraho mu gice gikurikira.
Polypropylene isangiye imiterere myinshi na polythene, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukomera, imbaraga zo guhindagurika kw'ingufu, kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Byongeye kandi, iyi fibre ifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku binyabutabire nka aside n'ibintu bishongesha ibinyabuzima, kandi itanga imiterere nk'iya beto.
Beto ikoresha fibre y'ikirahure (GFRC)
Uruvange rwa sima ikoresheje fibre y'ikirahure rurimo uduce twinshi duto tw'ikirahure. Ni gute ibi bituma sima ikomera?
Nubwo ikirahure kinini kiba cyoroshye, fibre y'ikirahure ifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane. Uretse ubu bunini, fibre ni inyongeramusaruro ihendutse, bigatuma imvange ya nyuma ya sima ihendutse kurusha izindi nka fibre y'icyuma.
Insinga zimwe zongewe kuri pulasitiki zituma habaho ibikoresho bivanze bya fiberglass bifite ubushobozi bwo gukomera cyane.
Beto ikoreshwa mu byuma bya polyester
Imigozi ya polyester ikoreshwa muri sima ishyigikiwe na fibre iboneka nk'imigozi mito n'imigozi minini. Imigozi ya polyester igira uruhare mu gutuma ubwo bwoko bwa sima ishyigikiwe na fibre burushaho gukomera.
Beto ikozwe muri fibre ya polyester ifite ubukana bwinshi kandi ifite imiterere myiza. Iramba cyane ituma ubu bwoko bwa beto buba bwiza cyane ku butaka bw’inganda, ku butaka bwo mu bubiko, ku nyubako zateguwe mbere, ku nyubako zometseho, n’ibindi bisa n’ibyo mu bucuruzi.
Beto ikoresha fibre ya karuboni
Wigeze wumva iby'icyuma gikozwe muri fibre ya karuboni? Igitekerezo ni kimwe no kuri sima ikoreshwa muri fibre ya karuboni.
Nubwo kongeramo fibre ya karuboni kuri beto ari igikorwa kigoye kurusha kongeramo sima cyangwa ikirahure, beto ivamo ifite ubukana n'imbaraga byinshi. Ariko, iyo ikomera cyane, beto irushaho kwangirika (nk'icyuma cya karuboni).
Fibre ya Macro Synthetic Beto Ikomeye
Gukoresha imigozi minini ikoze muri sima byaje nk'uburyo bwo gusimbuza icyuma. N'ubundi kandi, gusimbuza icyuma bishobora kuba inyongera ihenze kuri sima.
Uko imigozi ya macro synthetic yakoreshejwe yakomeje kuba ikintu kirenze ubundi buryo. Iyi migozi ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha, cyane cyane mu nyubako zishyigikiwe n'ubutaka.
Insinga zo gushimangira ibyuma zishobora kwangirika ahantu hari ubushuhe bwinshi, nko mu bidukikije byo mu mazi, kandi insinga z'ibirahure zishobora kwangirika. Insinga za macro synthetic zirwanya cyane ibi bintu, bityo zikaba ari inyongera y'agaciro kuri beto muri ibi bidukikije.
Beto ikoreshwa mu byuma karemano
Insinga karemano zikomoka ku bimera, inyamaswa, n'imyunyu ngugu karemano. Nkuko twabivuze mu gice kivuga ku mateka ya FRC, insinga karemano zakoreshejwe mu bwubatsi kuva kera.
Aho sima ikoreshwa hose, hazaba hari insinga nyinshi karemano. Izi nsinga kandi zifasha mu kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora FRC.
Zimwe mu nsinga karemano zirimo ipamba, ibyatsi, ibiti, n'ibinyampeke.
Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha beto ikoreshwa mu byuma bya fibre?
Kongeramo fibre zitandukanye kuri beto bitanga inyungu zitandukanye. Beto ishyigikiwe na fibre ishyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku fibre yongewemo. Ibyiza byihariye bya FRC bizaterwa n'ubwoko bwa FRC ikoreshwa.
Muri rusange, dore ibyiza bijyana n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe busanzwe bwa sima ikoreshwa mu gusya fibre:
Gukomeza Fibre y'Ikirahure
Gukomeza fibre y'ikirahure byongera imbaraga z'inyubako ya sima bitarenze ikiguzi. Ikirahure ni kimwe mu bikoresho bihendutse bya fibre.
Ubwo bwoko bw'inyongera bukoreshwa mu kongera ubwiza bw'inyubako ya sima. Imigozi migufi itandukanye irashobora kugaragara mu nyubako ya sima imaze kuma.
Ubu buryo bwo gushimangira butuma imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongera ku bice byose, bitandukanye no gushimangira bisanzwe hakoreshejwe imbaho z'icyuma, aho imbaraga zo gukurura zigarukira ku cyerekezo cy'imbaho.
Gukomeza Fibre y'Icyuma
Icyuma gitanga imbaraga nyinshi mu bwubatsi bwa sima ikoreshwa mu byuma binini.
Iyo hongewemo insinga z'icyuma, sima ikenera imbaraga nke z'icyuma.
Fibre zitanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku ngaruka n'ibikomere.
Ubudahangarwa bw'inyubako burushaho kwiyongera hamwe n'ibindi bipimo by'ubushyuhe.
Igabanya ibyago byo kwangirika igabanya ubugari bw'imiturire.
Fibre za Polypropylene n'inyongera ya sima ya nylon
Itanga ubushobozi bwo kupompa beto mu ntera ndende binyuze mu kongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza.
Binoza imiterere y'ubushyuhe (urugero, ubushobozi bwo kudashonga).
Yongera ubushobozi bwo gupfuka bwa sima kandi ikagabanya imiterere yayo yo kwangirika.
Mu gihe habayeho inkongi, inyubako za beto zifite imigozi ya polypropylene n'imigozi ya nylon zirwanya guturika kw'ibisasu.
Bituma habaho ubudahangarwa bukomeye bw'inkongi no kudasaza.
Ni izihe ngamba zikoreshwa muri beto ikoreshwa mu byuma bya fibre?
Ubwoko bwa FRC bukoreshwa bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'umushinga runaka w'ubwubatsi. Muri rusange, imishinga myinshi y'ubwubatsi ikoresha FRC. Urugero::
Inkuta
Hasi
Ingomero
Inzira zo ku rubyiniro
Imihanda
Imiyoboro ya sima
Ibiraro
Igorofa ry'ububiko
Umwobo w'amazi
Imiyoboro y'amazi
Amato y'umuhanda
Nigute wakura beto ikoresha fibre reinforced beton?
Nkuko mubizi kugeza ubu, beto ikoreshwa mu byuma si ikintu kimwe gusa. Hariho beto zitandukanye zifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzishimangira bigatuma zirushaho kuba nziza.
Hari insinga z'icyuma zikomeye cyane zituma imiterere ya sima irushaho kuba myiza. Nanone, ibirahure n'ibikoresho by'ubudodo bya sintetike bitanga imbaraga ziciriritse ariko ku giciro gito.
BYANDIKIWE NA Daniel Arkin
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-07-2023