Kunyangwe ungasazviziva, nyika yanhasi ine zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuonga ma "cenospheres".
Vanhu vashoma vanoziva nezvekuvapo kwavo, asi vashoma vanoziva kwavanobva. Kunyangwe kutarisa Wikipedia, iyo inobva kune zvese, kuchazivisa vasina ruzivo kuti, "Cenosphere ibhora rakareruka, risina chinhu, risina chinhu, rakagadzirwa zvakanyanya nesilica nealumina uye rakazadzwa nemhepo kana gasi risina chinhu, rinowanzo gadzirwa sechibereko chekupiswa kwemarasha pazviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopisa. Ruvara rwecenospheres runosiyana kubva pagrey kusvika pakuda kuchena uye huwandu hwadzo hunenge 0.4–0.8 g/cm3 (0.014–0.029 lb/cu in), izvo zvinoita kuti dzinyatso nyorova."
Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvitsananguri runako rwechokwadi rwemabhora madiki aya edota renhunzi, asi ane simba. Nekuti simba rawo chairo riri mukusiyana kwekushandiswa kwawo. Sezvinotaurwa nemagazini yeindasitiri yeFrance, Industrie & Technologies, "Nekuda kwekushomeka kwawo, saizi diki, chimiro chedenderedzwa, simba remuchina, tembiricha yakanyanya kunyunguduka, makemikari asina simba, hunhu hwekudzivirira kupisa uye porosity yakaderera, ma microspheres [anozivikanwawo se cenospheres] anowana mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muindasitiri. Kunyanya, [akanakira] kusimbisa zvinhu kana kupa hunhu hwekudzivirira ngura, kana kupisa uye kudzikamisa ruzha kumachira kana pendi. Anogona kutsanangurwa semafiller anoshanda akawanda uye anobatanidzwa zvakanaka mumaresini nemabinders akadai se thermoplastics uye thermosetting."
MaCenospheres muPendi neMapendi
Kune mashandisirwo akawanda e cenospheres muindasitiri yekupenda nekugadzira machira emaindasitiri, nekuda kwehunhu hwadzo hwekuwedzera. Semuenzaniso, cenospheres dzinowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira machira ekudzora mwaranzi ye infrared, zvichipa machira iwayo mukana pane ayo anongoedza kuderedza kupisa.
Zvichakadaro, nyanzvi dzekupeta paPetra Buildcare Products, dzinotsanangura kuti ma "cenospheres" anovandudza sei mhando yependi nekuvandudza huwandu uye huwandu hwechigadzirwa. Mushure mekuiswa pamadziro, mabhora eceramic anowanzo tetepa nekudaro zvichiita kuti pave nefirimu rakanyatso sungirirwa pamadziro.
MaCenospheres muSyntactic Foams
MaCenospheres anowanzo shandiswa kugadzira 'mafuro e syntactic'. Aya ndiwo ma solid akasarudzika anoshandisa macenospheres sekuzadza kuti ape mabhenefiti akasiyana-siyana, kubva pamutengo wakaderera, kusvika kusimba rakawedzerwa, kudzivirira ruzha, kunyorova uye dziviriro yekupisa.
Nyanzvi dzeEngineered Syntactic Systems dzinotsanangura furo rekugadzira zvinhu seizvi;
"Chikamu che 'syntactic' chinoreva chimiro chakarongeka chinopiwa nemabhora asina chinhu. Izwi rekuti 'furo' rine chekuita nehunhu hwemasero echinhu chacho. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakasiyana hwesimba rayo guru pahushoma, furo re syntactic rave kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemvura pasi pegungwa. Zvinhu zve syntactic zvinodzivirira kumanikidzwa kwemvura uye kugara kwenguva refu izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kumapurojekiti ekufamba mugungwa akadai se cable ne hardball floats uye rutsigiro rwezvishandiso. Zvinopawo simba uye kusimba kwechimiro nehuremu hwakaderera zvakanyanya pahuwandu pane zvinhu zvechinyakare zvinoita kuti zvive sarudzo inokwezva muzvishandiso zvakawanda zvekudzivirira nekugadzira zvehurumende."
Makomba epasi mukuchera peturu
Kuti uzive kukosha kwezvipenyu zvepasi pevhu zvisingazivikanwi, haufanirwe kutarisa kure kuti basa razvo rinokosha muindasitiri yepeturu. Nekuti kunyangwe munhu wese achiziva kukosha kwemafuta munyika yanhasi, hazvizivikanwe kuti zvipenyu zvepasi pevhu, sezvakataurwa nemagazini yeindasitiri yeFrance, Industrie & Technologies, "...zvave zvichishandiswa kwemakore akati wandei mumunda wekuchera mafuta kuderedza huwandu hwepeturu yesimbi isina kuwedzera huwandu hwemvura."
MaCenospheres muPlastiki nePolymers
MaCenospheres anoshandiswawo mukugadzira mapurasitiki nemapolymer, sezvo chimiro chawo chinogadziriswazve kana simba zvichibatsira kudzivirira kudzikira kwemapurasitiki ethermoplastics nemapurasitiki ethermosetting.
Zviri kushandiswawo muzvinhu zvemazuva ano zvinosanganisa mota. Semuenzaniso, Chevrolet Corvette ya2016 ine "sheet moulding compound umo magirazi microspheres anotsiva calcium carbonate filler uye anobvisa mapaundi 9 [9kg] kubva pahuremu hweStingray Coupe yemotokari yemitambo." Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri wemugadziri, Continental Structural Plastics Inc., Probir Guha, anotsanangura chikonzero chekuiswa kwecenospheres mucomposite, achiti, "fomura yakajairika yeSMC yemhando iyi yemotokari inosanganisira 20% nehuwandu hwegirazi fiber reinforcement, 35% resin uye 45% filler, kazhinji calcium carbonate," achiwedzera kuti, "Iyi SMC [sheet moulding compound] itsva inokwikwidzana nealuminium."
MaCenospheres muConcrete
Kwemakore, macenospheres ave ari chinhu chinobatsira pakongiri, achipa simba rakawedzerwa, uye kana kudzivirira ruzha, ukuwo achideredzawo density. Jeff Girard, Mutungamiriri weThe Concrete Countertop Institute, anotsanangura mabhenefiti aya, achiti, "Mudzidziso, macenospheres anogona kutsiva rimwe jecha rinorema zvakajairika rinoshandiswa mukongiri. Macenospheres ane density iri pasi pemvura (avhareji ye0.7 vs. Water's 1.0); quartz sand particles dzinowanzova nedensity inosvika 2.65. Izvi zvinoreva kuti 1 pound yecenospheres inotora vhoriyamu yakafanana ne3.8 lbs yejecha."
Industrie & Technologies, inotaurawo nezvekushandiswa kwecenospheres senzira yekuderedza kusvibiswa kweruzha, ichiti, “[Cenospheres dzinoshandiswa] mukuvaka zvinhu zvekurerutsa kongiri, ukuwo dzichichengetedza simba rekumanikidza re30 MPa pahuwandu hwe1.6 T / m3, zvichivandudza kusimba kwadzo uye kuderedza kufambiswa kweruzha kwadzo. Semuenzaniso, St. Petersburg Scientific and Technical Center of Applied Nanotechnologies (STCAN) inobatanidzwa mukuvaka mabhiriji ane kongiri dzakadaro muRussia, [kuti mugwagwa uve wakanyarara]. Cenospheres dzinoshandiswawo kuvandudza hunhu hwekupisa uye hwekudzivirira ruzha hweplaster, mortars nemaplaster, anoshandiswa pamadziro, pasi nedenga. Kuwedzera kwe40% volume cenospheres kunoderedza chikamu checoefficient yekutumira ruzha.”
MaCenospheres muMishonga
MaCenospheres ave achishandiswa muindasitiri yemishonga kwemakore mazhinji, sezvo mabhora madiki anogona kushanda sechishandiso chekufambisa chakakodzera kana chakafukidzwa nemishonga. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvakataurwa nemagazini yeindasitiri yeFrance, Industrie & Technologies, "Semuenzaniso, maCenospheres akafukidzwa nesilver oxide anogona kubatanidzwa mumabhandeji kuitira kukurumidzisa kupora kwemaronda."
Mapoka emagetsi muindasitiri yepamusoro
Kutsvagurudza kwakawanda kuri kuitwa kuti pave nekushandiswa kutsva kwechigadzirwa ichi chine simba. Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvitsva zvinokonzeresa kuoxidation kwemethane zviri kugadzirwa uchishandisa magnetic cenospheres.
MaCenospheres ari kushandiswawo mukugadzira simbi matrix composites (MMC), zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoedza kusanganisa simba rakawanda, kuramba kukanganiswa, uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwemabhora nehunhu hwezvimwe zvinhu. Vamwe, vakaita saPaul Biju-Duval weGeorgia Institute of Technology iri muAtlanta, vakashanda nesimba mukugadzira zvinhu zvekuvaka zvisina simende. Basa rake rinoenderera mberi, richiwedzera musanganiswa wecenosphere, zvinhu zvakaita sebamboo nemachubhu esimbi senzira yekuwana dzimwe nzira dzekuvaka, dzakachipa, dzakasimba, uye dzine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza.
Zvichakadaro, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology yeRussian Academy of Sciences muKrasnoyarsk, iri kudzidza nzira idzo cenospheres dzingashandiswa mukuchinja kwezvinhu. Kunyange hazvo BAE systems iri kuedza kushandisa cenospheres mupendi senzira yekutsigira kusaonekwa mu infrared spectrum, zvichiita kuti ngarava dzehondo dzive ne 'invisible cloaks'.
Nekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwakadaro, uye kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, hazvishamisi kuti nei kufarira ma cenospheres kuri kuwedzera. Chero bedzi vagadziri vezvigadzirwa vachitsvaga zvinhu zvinozadza huremu hwakareruka, masisitimu ekugadzira mishonga akavandudzwa, machira akavandudzwa, zvinotsiva simende, uye zvinowedzerwa zvine composite, ipapo pachava nekudiwa kwema cenospheres. Uye nekuwedzera kutsvagurudza mukushandiswa kutsva kwema spheres aya anochinjika, ipapo nguva chete ndiyo ichataura kuti ramangwana re cenospheres riri kupi.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-28-2021