Izinto ezingaguqukiyo ezinokutshizwa ebusweni bokusebenza ngomoya ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye zifakwe ebusweni bokusebenza zibizwa ngokuba zizinto zokujova ezingaguqukiyo. Ngokomgaqo, naluphi na uhlobo lwezinto eziphoswayo okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwezinto ezizihambelayo kunye nezinto zokupompa zingasetyenziswa njengezinto zokutshiza ezomileyo okanye izinto zokutshiza ezimanzi, kufuneka zilungiswe kuphela ubungakanani bamasuntswana azo kunye nohlobo kunye nobungakanani bezongezo. Izinto zokuqhumisa ezingaguqukiyo luhlobo lwezinto ezingaguqukiyo, oluluhlobo olutsha lwezinto ezingaguqukiyo ezinobumanzi obuhle emva kokongeza amanzi kunye nokuxubha ngaphandle kokutshisa kunye nokwenza uxinzelelo. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lokwakha lunamajoyinti ambalwa, ukuqina okuqinileyo, umoya olungileyo, kwaye lunokuthintela ukungena komgubo. Kwangaxeshanye, xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zemveli ezingaguqukiyo, izinto ezingaguqukiyo zejethi zineempawu ezilandelayo:
(1) Kulula ukuyiqinisa kwaye inokuthintela ngempumelelo udonga ekuphumeni.
(2) Ulwakhiwo lulula, amandla abasebenzi aphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakha ngamatye kuphezulu, kwaye noomatshini bokwakha iziko lomlilo banokufezekiswa.
(3) Ixesha lokuhambisa lifutshane, kwaye uluhlu lwezinto kunye neendleko zinokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Izinto zokuqhumisa ezirhabaxa zisetyenziswa kakhulu, nto leyo elula ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo. Ngokwesiqhelo, izinto ezirhabaxa ezibumba le nto zibizwa ngokuba yi-refractory aggregate, kwaye izinto ezirhabaxa zibizwa ngokuba yi-admixture (umgubo orhabaxa okanye umgubo ocolekileyo), kunye nezihlanganisi kunye nezongezo.
1. Indlela yokwakha yezinto ezitshiziweyo ezinganyangekiyo
Ngokwemeko yezinto ezifafazwe emzimbeni we-lining (ubuso obusebenzayo), zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: indlela yokufaka izinto ezibandayo kunye nendlela yokufaka izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo okanye ezinyibilikisiweyo kancinci. Le yokugqibela ibandakanya ezi ndlela zilandelayo.
Indlela yokutshiza ngelangatye: Le nto itshizwa kwi-lining esebenzayo nge-propane gas flame. Ngexesha lokutshiza, phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obuphezulu, le nto ikwimeko yokunyibilika okanye yokunyibilika kancinci, itshizwa ngqo kwi-lining yobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ifunxwe phezu kwe-lining. Ngaphambili, yayisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ii-linings ze-furnace, kodwa ayisasetyenziswa rhoqo.
Indlela yokutshiza ngeplasma: Le nto itshizwa ikwimeko ye-ionic, engasetyenziswa rhoqo kwizinto ezichasene ne-refractory.
Indlela yokutshiza i-slag: njengokutshiza i-slag yesiguquli ukukhusela isithando somlilo, umxube wezinto ezinganyangekiyo kunye ne-slag uyavuthelwa kwaye utshizwe phezu komphezulu wesiguquli ngokusebenzisa i-oxygen lance enoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Yiteknoloji ephambili yokuphucula ubomi be-converter lining.
Eyokuqala yindlela yokutshiza esetyenziswa kakhulu, equka indlela yokutshiza eyomileyo kunye nendlela yokutshiza emanzi.
Indlela yokufutha amanzi eyomileyo: Inkqubo yokusebenza kwesixhobo sokufutha amanzi esomileyo. Izinto ezomileyo zingena kwidrama yelaphu ejikelezayo ukusuka kwisisele. Idrama yelaphu ijikeleza ngekona ethile. Isango eliphezulu kunye nomjelo womoya wecompressor zithuthwa ziye kufutshane ne-nozzle ukuze zihlangane namanzi. Emva kokuba izinto zixutywe namanzi kwi-nozzle, zitshizwa ziye kwi-lining yokusebenza. Uninzi lwezinto ezikhutshiweyo lufuthwa kwi-lining yokusebenza, kwaye inxalenye yayo iyajikajika ize iwele emhlabeni. Ubungakanani bezinto ezilahlekileyo yi-rebound bubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-refractory ekhutshiweyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, izinga lokufutha lisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukusebenza kwe-adsorption yezinto ezikhutshiweyo. Okukhona izinga lokufutha liphantsi, kokukhona kungcono. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela izinga lokufutha amanzi: ikakhulu kubandakanya ubungakanani bamanzi, uxinzelelo lomoya kunye nomthamo womoya.
Indlela yokutshiza ngamanzi yindlela apho into ephoswayo enobumanzi obuhle ipompelwa kwi-nozzle ngepayipi, ize itshizwe kwi-lining yokusebenza ngomoya ohamba ngamandla aphezulu kwi-nozzle. Le nkqubo inamanqanaba amane aphambili: ukuxuba, ukupompa, ukutshiza kunye nokuqinisa. Inkqubo yokuxuba nokupompa ayahlukanga kakhulu kwizinto eziphoswayo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto zokupompa, ezifuna ukuxuba okufanayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokupompa.
Ngaphambili, ukwakhiwa kwe-spray kwakusetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulungisa ii-linings ze-furnace, ngelixa i-spray emanzi ingasetyenziselwa ngqo i-lining. Ingasetyenziselwa ngqo ukwenza ii-linings ze-ladle kunye ne-furnace ze-furnace ezahlukeneyo. Iingenelo zayo yinkqubo elula, akukho template, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nesantya esiphezulu.
2. Izinto ezifuna ingqwalasela kwindlela yokutshiza
(1) Le micimbi ilandelayo kufuneka inikwe ingqalelo xa kusetyenziswa indlela yokutshiza eyomileyo:
Ubungakanani bamanzi ongezelelweyo bufanele ukuba bufanelekile: ukuba ubungakanani bamanzi ongezelelweyo buncinci kakhulu, izinto aziyi kumanziswa kakuhle, kwaye izinto ezomileyo ziya kuphinda zibuyele umva ngokulula; ukuba ubungakanani bamanzi ongezelelweyo bukhulu kakhulu, uqweqwe olwenziwe ngokutshiza lunokugeleza lula, nto leyo ekwanciphisa amandla okufunxa.
Uxinzelelo lomoya kunye nomthamo womoya wesitshizi kufuneka zifaneleke: xa isuntswana likhulu kakhulu, impembelelo yamasuntswana kumphezulu wesitshizi inkulu kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukuyiphinda-phinda; ukuba incinci kakhulu, loo nto ayinamatheli ngokwaneleyo kwizinto kwaye kulula ukuyiwa.
Umgama kunye ne-engile phakathi kwe-nozzle ye-spray gun kunye nomphezulu otshiziweyo kufuneka zifaneleke: thintela amandla okutshiza izinto kumphezulu otshiziweyo mkhulu kakhulu okanye mncinane kakhulu. I-spray gun kufuneka ishukunyiswe phezulu nasezantsi, ekhohlo nasekunene ukuqinisekisa ubukhulu obufanayo bomaleko otshiziweyo.
Ubukhulu bokutshiza ngakunye akufuneki bube bukhulu kakhulu: bukhulu kakhulu kulula ukubuxobula, ngokubanzi bungadluli kwi-50mm.
Lawula iplastiki kunye nokujiya kwezinto: izinto zinokufunxwa kakuhle kwi-spray coating, kwaye zinokuqina ngokukhawuleza ukuze zifumane amandla athile.
(2) Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela indlela ye-wet jet. Ezona ziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
Ukwakhiwa kwezinto zokutshiza Okokuqala, kufuneka kube nokwakheka okufanelekileyo kobukhulu besuntswana, umlinganiselo we-aggregate kwi-matrix kunye nomxholo wokufuma. Ngokulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo, inxalenye ye-matrix inokunamathela ngcono kumphezulu weesuntswana. Umaleko wokunamathela akufuneki ube mkhulu kakhulu okanye ube mncane kakhulu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iisuntswana zinokuba ne-plasticity elungileyo kwaye zinamathele kumaleko wezinto xa zitshizwa kumaleko wezinto. Ii-flocculants ezisetyenziswa rhoqo yi-sodium aluminate, i-sodium silicate, i-polysodium chloride, i-calcium chloride, i-aluminium sulfate, i-potassium calcium sulfate, njl.
Ukuba uxinzelelo lwejethi kunye nesantya somoya wejethi zincinci kakhulu, amasuntswana awayi kunamathela kakuhle kwizinto, kwaye ukuba makhulu kakhulu, aya kubuya ngokulula.
Umgama kunye ne-engile phakathi kwesibhamu sokutshiza kunye nomzimba otshiziweyo zinempembelelo ethile kwisantya sokunamathela komaleko wezinto.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-15-2022