Ii-refractories ze-thermal insulation zibhekisa kwii-refractories ezine-porosity ephezulu, uxinano oluphantsi, kunye ne-thermal conductivity ephantsi, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-refractories ezilula. Kubandakanya iimveliso ze-refractory ezikhusela ubushushu, ii-fibers ezikhuselayo, kunye neemveliso ze-fiber ezikhuselayo. Ngokweqondo lobushushu bokusetyenziswa: izixhobo ze-insulation ezikhusela ubushushu obuphantsi, ubushushu bokusetyenziswa buphantsi kune-900 ℃, njengezitena ze-diatomite insulation, iimveliso ze-silica ezandisiweyo, iibhodi ze-calcium ze-silica, iimveliso ze-perlite ezandisiweyo, njl.njl.; ii-refractories ze-insulation ezishushu eziphakathi, sebenzisa ubushushu obuyi-900 ~ 1200℃, njengezitena ze-thermal insulation zodongwe, i-aluminium silicate refractory fiber, njl.njl.; Izixhobo zokugquma ubushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu bokusetyenziswa bungaphezulu kwe-1200℃, njengezitena zokugquma ubushushu obuphezulu ze-aluminium, izitena zokugquma ubushushu ze-alumina, izitena zokugquma ubushushu ze-siliceous, izitena zebhola ezingenanto ze-alumina, izitena zebhola ezingenanto ze-zirconia, ifayibha yokugquma ephezulu ye-alumina, ifayibha yokugquma ye-polycrystalline (ifayibha ye-alumina ye-polycrystalline, ifayibha ye-zirconia ye-polycrystalline, ifayibha ye-mullite ye-polycrystalline), njl.
Ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezithintela ubushushu kusebenzisa kakhulu iindlela zenkqubo ezinokwenza isakhiwo esineembobo, njengendlela yokwenza izinto eziluhlaza ezikhaphukhaphu, indlela yokutsha, indlela yokwenza ifoam, kunye nendlela yeekhemikhali. Iifayibha ezithintela ubushushu ezi-amorphous, ezifana neefayibha ezithintela ubushushu ezi-aluminium silicate, iifayibha ezithintela ubushushu ezi-alumina eziphezulu, njl.njl., zihlala ziveliswa ngokunyibilika. Iifayibha ezithintela ubushushu ezi-polycrystalline, ezifana neefayibha ze-mullite, iifayibha ze-alumina, njl.njl., ziveliswa ngendlela ye-colloid.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-insulatory refractories zi-porosity ephezulu, ngokubanzi ingaphezulu kwe-45%; uxinano oluphantsi, ngokubanzi ingadluli kwi-1.5g/cm3; i-thermal conductivity ephantsi, uninzi lwayo lungaphantsi kwe-1.0W/(m·K). Isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-thermal insulation kwii-oven zemizi-mveliso, ayinakunciphisa kuphela ukulahleka kobushushu be-oven, kodwa ikwanciphisa nokugcinwa kobushushu be-oven, ifumane isiphumo esihle sokonga amandla, kwaye inciphise ubunzima bezixhobo zobushushu. Xa kuthelekiswa nezitena ezixhathisayo ngokubanzi, ii-heat-insulatory refractories azinawo amandla okugqwala kwe-slag, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ke ngoko, ayifanelekanga kwisakhiwo se-oven esithwala umthwalo kunye neendawo ezidibana ngqo ne-slag, itshaja, isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, njl.njl.
Indlela yokwahlulahlula iimveliso ezichasene nobushushu
Iimveliso zokugquma ubushushu ezithintela ubushushu zibhekisa kwiimveliso zokugquma ezinobubovu obungaphantsi kwama-45%. Iimpawu eziphambili zeemveliso zokugquma ubushushu zibubovu obuphezulu kunye noxinano oluphantsi. Ukuqhuba kobushushu kuphantsi, amandla obushushu mancinci, kwaye ukusebenza kokugquma ubushushu kulungile. Kugcina ubushushu kwaye akunabushushu. Kungasetyenziswa njengomaleko wokugquma ubushushu kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zobushushu, kwaye ezinye zingasetyenziswa njengomaleko osebenzayo. Sisixhobo sokonga amandla ekwakheni ii-oven ezahlukeneyo. Ukutshintsha iimveliso zokugquma ubushushu kwiimveliso zokugquma ezixineneyo njengezixhobo zokwakha i-oven kunokunciphisa ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokulahleka kokusasazwa kobushushu ngama-40% ukuya kuma-50%, ngakumbi kwizixhobo zokugquma ezingaqhubekiyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso zokuthintela ubushushu kunye nezokuthintela ubushushu, ezahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezintathu ngokobushushu bokusetyenziswa, ubuninzi bobuninzi, kunye nokuma kwemveliso.
(1) Zihlulwe ngokobunzima bomzimba. Ezo zinobunzima obuyi-0.4 ~ 1.3g/cm3 zizitena ezikhaphukhaphu; ezo zinobunzima obuyi-0.4g/cm3 zizitena ezikhaphukhaphu kakhulu.
(2) Ihlelwe ngokweqondo lobushushu lokusebenza. Sebenzisa ubushushu obuyi-600~900℃ kwizinto zokwambathisa ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi; 900~120℃ kwizinto zokwambathisa ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphakathi; ngaphezulu kwe-1200℃ kwizinto zokwambathisa ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu.
(3) Ihlelwe ngokwemilo yemveliso: enye yizitena ezikhaphukhaphu ezimile okwesikhaphu, kuquka udongwe, i-alumina ephezulu, i-silicon, kunye nezinye izitena ezikhaphukhaphu ezicocekileyo ze-oxide; enye yizitena ezikhaphukhaphu ezimile okwesikhaphu, ezifana nekhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu emile okwesikhaphu.
Indlela yokuvelisa iimveliso ezithintela ubushushu yahlukile kweyezinto ezixineneyo ngokubanzi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi, ikakhulu eziquka indlela yokutshisa, indlela ye-foam, indlela yeekhemikhali, kunye nendlela yezinto ezinemingxuma.
1) Indlela yokutshisa nokongeza izinto. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yindlela yokongeza izinto ezivuthayo. Yongeza izinto ezivuthayo ezilula ukuzitshisa, ezifana namalahle, uthuli lwesarha, njl.njl., eludakeni lokwenza izitena ukuze imveliso ibe neembobo ezithile emva kokutshisa.
2) Indlela yokumanzisa. Yongeza izinto zokufaka amagwebu, ezifana nesepha yerosin, njl. kudongwe lokwenza izitena, uze ulwenze lube yigwebu ngendlela yoomatshini. Emva kokutshisa, kufunyanwa imveliso eneembobo.
3) Indlela yekhemikhali. Kusetyenziswa i-chemical reaction enokuvelisa igesi ngokufanelekileyo, imveliso eneembobo ifunyanwa kwinkqubo yokwenza izitena, ngokuqhelekileyo i-dolomite okanye i-periclase kunye ne-gypsum, kunye ne-sulfuric acid njenge-agent ye-foam.
4) Indlela yezinto ezinemingxuma. Sebenzisa umhlaba wendalo we-diatomaceous okanye i-foam yodongwe eyenziweyo eyenziwe nge-clinker, ii-alumina okanye ii-zirconia ezinemingxuma, kunye nezinye izinto ezikrwada ezinemingxuma ukwenza izitena ezikhaphukhaphu ezinganyangekiyo.
Ukusebenzisa iimveliso zokugquma ezithintela ubushushu ezinobushushu obuphantsi kunye nomthamo omncinci wobushushu njengezinto zokwakha umzimba wesithando kunokonga ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli; ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yezixhobo; kunokunciphisa nobunzima bomzimba wesithando, kube lula ukwakhiwa kwesithando, kuphucule umgangatho wemveliso, kwaye kunciphise ubushushu obungqongileyo. Ukuphucula iimeko zokusebenza. Iimveliso zokugquma ezithintela ubushushu zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengomaleko wokugquma ubushushu, i-lining okanye umaleko wokugquma wesithando.
1. Izitena ezinganyangekiyo zokugquma i-alumina
Izitena ezithintela ubushushu zeAlumina zisebenzisa i-fused corundum, i-sintered alumina, kunye ne-industrial alumina njengezinto eziphambili zokwenza iimveliso ezithintela ubushushu ezinokumelana ne-acid enamandla kunye ne-alkali atmosphere kunye nokumelana nokunciphisa, kunye nokumelana okuhle nokutsha kobushushu. Ingasetyenziswa ixesha elide ngaphantsi kwe-1700℃. Inkqubo yayo yemveliso isebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini zendlela ye-foam kunye nendlela yokongeza ukutshisa. Iimveliso eziveliswa yindlela ye-foam zineempawu zesakhiwo esifanayo, ukuqhuba ubushushu okuphantsi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal insulation.
Izitena ezithintela ubushushu ze-alumina zilula, zinamandla aphezulu okuxinzelela, ziqhuba ubushushu obuphantsi, ziyancipha ngomthamo emva kokuphinda zitshiswe, kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Zingasetyenziselwa ubushushu obuphezulu okanye izixhobo zobushushu ezisebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo namalangatye. Kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kwizixhobo zobushushu ezichanekileyo, kodwa azifanelekanga kwindawo yokugqwala edibana ngqo nolwelo lweziko kunye ne-slag enyibilikisiweyo. Ikwanozinzo oluphezulu xa isetyenziswa kwindawo ehlisayo. Ubushushu bokusetyenziswa buxhomekeke kubunyulu bemveliso, ngokubanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1650 ~ 1800°C. Jonga iTheyibhile 3-105 ukuze ufumane ii-index eziqhelekileyo zomzimba nezekhemikhali zezo mveliso.
2. Izitena ezikhusela ubushushu ezigqumayo ezine-aluminium ephezulu
Izitena ezithintela ubushushu ezikwi-aluminium ephezulu ziimveliso ezithintela ubushushu ezinomxholo ongaphantsi kwama-48% ezenziwe ngezinto eziphambili eziluhlaza. Izitena ezithintela ubushushu ezikwi-aluminium ephezulu zenziwe nge-bauxite njengezinto eziluhlaza, zidityaniswe nodongwe njengezinto eziluhlaza, zidityaniswe nezibopheleli kunye nothuli lwesarha. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso, kongezwa i-alumina yemizi-mveliso, i-corundum, i-sillimanite, i-kyanite, kunye ne-silica. Umgubo ocolekileyo unokwenziwa ube ziimveliso ezinobuninzi obahlukeneyo kunye namaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo okusetyenziswa. Ngokwesiqhelo, amaqondo obushushu okusetyenziswa yi-1250~1350℃, kwaye amanye anokufikelela kwi-1550℃.
Izitena zokukhusela ubushushu ze-aluminium ephezulu ziveliswa kakhulu ngendlela ye-foam, kwaye ubuninzi bemveliso buphakathi kwe-0.4 ~ 1.0g / cm3, kwaye inokwenziwa ngendlela yezithako zokutshisa. Ii-index ezibonakalayo nezekhemikhali zezitena ezikhusela ubushushu ze-aluminium ephezulu ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 3-106.
Izitena ezithintela ubushushu ezikwi-aluminium ephezulu zingasetyenziselwa ukwakha iileya ezithintela ubushushu kunye neenxalenye ezingangcoliswanga kwaye zingakhuhlwanga ngezinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo kubushushu obuphezulu. Xa zidibene ngqo nelangatye, ubushushu bomphezulu wezitena ezithintela ubushushu ezikwi-aluminium ephezulu akufuneki bube ngaphezulu kwe-1350℃. Izitena ezithintela ubushushu ezikwi-Mullite zinokudibana ngqo nelangatye, kwaye zineempawu zokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, kunye nefuthe elikhulu lokonga amandla. Ifanelekile kwi-lining yezitovu ze-pyrolysis, izitovu zomoya oshushu, izitovu ze-ceramic roller, izitovu ze-porcelain zombane, kunye nezitovu ezahlukeneyo zokumelana. Izitena ezithintela ubushushu ezikwi-corundum-mullite ezinomxholo we-Al2O3 we-82.4% zingasetyenziswa njenge-lining yesitovu kwi-1550°C.
3. Izitena ezikhuselayo ezisekelwe kudongwe
Izitena ezithintela ubushushu ezisekelwe kudongwe ziimveliso ezithintela ubushushu eziqulathe i-Al2O3 engama-30%-48% eyenziwe ngodongwe oluthintela ubushushu njengezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, kusetyenziswa udongwe oluthintela ubushushu, iintsimbi ezidadayo, kunye ne-clinker yodongwe oluthintela ubushushu njengezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, zongeza izinto ezidibanisa uthuli kunye nothuli lwesarha. Ngokuxuba, ukuxuba, ukwenza, ukomisa, kunye nokutshisa, iimveliso ezinobunzima obuyi-0.3 ~ 1.5g/cm3 zinokufunyanwa, kwaye umthamo wemveliso ubandakanya ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezitena ezithintela ubushushu.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa izitena ezithintela ubushushu zodongwe esetyenziswa kakhulu yindlela yokongeza ukutshisa ngeentsimbi ezidadayo, kwaye nendlela yefoam ingasetyenziswa. Jonga iTheyibhile 3-107 ukuze ufumane izalathiso ezibonakalayo zezitena ezithintela ubushushu ezisekelwe kudongwe.
Izitena ezikhusela ubushushu ezisekelwe kudongwe zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zobushushu nakwii-oven zemizi-mveliso. Zingasetyenziselwa iindawo ezingagqwalanga kwaye zingahlanjwanga ngezinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Ezinye iindawo ezidibana ngqo nelangatye zigqunywe ngomaleko. Ingubo evuselelayo inokunciphisa ukukhukuliseka ngothuli lwegesi olulahlwayo kunye nothuli lwegesi kwaye inciphise umonakalo. Ubushushu bokusebenza bemveliso abudluli kubushushu bovavanyo lomgca obuyayo. Izitena ezikhusela ubushushu zodongwe zezohlobo lwezinto ezikhusela ukukhanya ezineembobo ezininzi. Le nto ineembobo ezingama-30% ukuya kuma-50%, kwaye i-insulation yayo yobushushu ayilunganga, kodwa amandla ayo oomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kulungile.
4. Izitena ezinganyangekiyo zokufakelwa kwe-silicone
Isitena esithintela ubushushu esenziwe ngesilika senziwe ngesilika njengesixhobo esiphambili, kwaye imveliso ethintela ubushushu enomxholo weSiO2 ongaphantsi kwama-91%. Ukongeza kwiipropati zokuthintela ubushushu, izitena ezithintela ubushushu zesilicon zigcina iimpawu zezitena zesilicon kakhulu. Ubushushu bokuqala bokuthamba komthwalo buphezulu, kwaye umthamo uyanda kancinci ngexesha lenkqubo yokufudumeza, nto leyo ephucula ukuthembeka kwesitovu.
Ukusebenza kwezitena ezikhusela ubushushu ezisetyenziswa kwi-GGR-1.20 grade siliceous heat-insulating refractory for industrial furnaces ezichazwe kwi-China Metallurgical Industry Standard YB386-1994, ubuninzi bobuninzi abudluli kwi-1.2g/cm3, amandla oxinzelelo kubushushu begumbi abudluli kwi-5MPa, kwaye ubushushu bokuqala bokuthambisa phantsi komthwalo ongaphantsi kwe-0.1MPa abudluli kwi-1520℃, umxholo we-SiO2 awudluli kwi-91%.
Le mveliso ifanelekile kwi-lining yee-ovens zoshishino okanye ii-heat insulation layers ezingadibani ngqo nezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo ezishushu kakhulu kwaye ezingachaphazeleki ngqo kwiigesi ezirhabaxa. Ubushushu bokusebenza kwe-masonry abudluli kwi-1550°C.
Izitena ezithintela ubushushu ezisekelwe kwi-silica ziyingozi ngakumbi emzimbeni womntu ngenxa yothuli lwe-silica, kwaye le nkqubo inzima ngakumbi kunodongwe kunye nezitena ezithintela ubushushu ezigubungela i-aluminium ephezulu, kwaye ibangela inxalenye encinci yemveliso iyonke yezinto ezithintela ubushushu.
5. Izitena ezithintela ubushushu beDiatomite
Isitena se-Diatomite thermal insulation sisixhobo esikhuselayo kwi-thermal insulation esenziwe nge-diatomite njengesixhobo esiphambili. Isitena se-Diatomite thermal insulation sinee-pores ezivaliweyo kakuhle, ii-porosity eziphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal insulation, kodwa amandla aphantsi oomatshini, ingakumbi emva kokuba emanzi, amandla ancipha kakhulu. Ulwakhiwo lwaso oluphambili lweekhemikhali yi-SiO2, ilandelwa yi-Al2O3, kunye ne-iron kunye ne-potassium. , i-Sodium, i-calcium, i-magnesium oxides kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo.
Ii-index ezibonakalayo zezitena zokugquma ze-diatomite ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 3-108. Iimveliso zezitena zokugquma ze-diatomite azinawo amandla okumelana nobushushu, kwaye ukuchasana kwazo kumalunga ne-1280 ℃ kuphela, ngoko ke ubushushu bokusetyenziswa abuphezulu. Ingasetyenziswa kuphela kumaleko wokugquma ongaphantsi kwe-900°C.
6. Iimveliso ze-perlite ezandisiweyo
Iimveliso ze-perlite ezandisiweyo ziimveliso ezithintela ubushushu ezenziwe nge-perlite njengeyona nto iphambili. Iimveliso zokuthintela ubushushu ezenziwe nge-perlite eyandisiweyo njengesamente ehlanganisiweyo nefanelekileyo, iglasi yamanzi, i-phosphate, njl.njl., emva kokuxuba, ukuxuba, ukwenza, ukomisa, ukuqhotsa okanye ukucola. Uxinano lwe-perlite eyandisiweyo luncinci, ngokubanzi yi-40 ~ 120g / cm3; ukuchasana akuphezulu, ngokubanzi yi-1280 ~ 1360 ° C. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezinee-binders ezahlukeneyo buhlukile, buhlala bungaphantsi kwe-1000 ° C.
Iimveliso ze-perlite ezandisiweyo zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezingama-200, 250, 300 kunye ne-350kg/m34 ngokuhambelana nobuninzi beemveliso ezikumgangatho wesizwe. Ngokohlobo lwesamente esetyenzisiweyo, yahlulwe yaba ziimveliso ze-perlite ezandisiweyo ezibotshelelwe kwisamente, iimveliso ze-perlite ezandisiweyo ezibotshelelwe kwiglasi yamanzi, iimveliso ze-perlite ezandisiweyo ezibotshelelwe kwi-phosphate, kunye neemveliso ze-perlite ezandisiweyo ezibotshelelwe kwi-asphalt.
7. Iimveliso ze-vermiculite ezandisiweyo
Iimveliso ze-vermiculite ezandisiweyo ziimveliso ezithintela ubushushu ezithintela ubushushu kunye ne-vermiculite eyandisiweyo njengezinto eziphambili eziluhlaza. Ukuveliswa kweemveliso ze-vermiculite ezandisiweyo kusekelwe kubungakanani obuthile be-vermiculite eyandisiweyo njenge-aggregate, ukongeza i-admixtures kunye ne-binders, ukuxuba namanzi ngomlinganiselo othile, kunye nokwenza, ukomisa, ukurosta okanye ukucola ukwenza iimveliso ze-thermal insulation. Iimveliso ezinobuninzi obahlukeneyo, i-admixtures, kunye ne-binders zinobushushu obahlukeneyo bokusetyenziswa, kwaye iileya ze-heat insulation ezingaphantsi kwe-1000°C zihlala zisetyenziswa. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso ze-vermiculite ezandisiweyo, ezihlala zihlelwa ngokohlobo lwe-binder esetyenzisiweyo kunye nohlobo lwe-aggregate esetyenzisiweyo. Ngokwe-arhente yokubopha, inokwahlulwa ibe ziimveliso ze-organic binding agent, iimveliso ze-inorganic binding agent kunye neemveliso ze-organic and inorganic composite binding agent. Ngokwehlobo lwe-aggregate esetyenzisiweyo, inokwahlulwa ibe ziimveliso ze-single aggregate, i-aggregate ezininzi kunye neemveliso ze-admixture.
I-vermiculite eyandisiweyo ine-thermal conductivity ephantsi, amandla aphantsi, kwaye ayinakuba namanzi, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuthintelwe kakhulu. Xa izinto zokuqinisa i-vermiculite eyongeziweyo zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-vermiculite eyandisiweyo kwimveliso egqityiweyo, iya kuba namandla amakhulu kune-vermiculite eyandisiweyo kwaye inokumelana nomthwalo omkhulu; xa kusetyenziswa izinto zokuqinisa i-vermiculite engangeni manzi ukudibanisa i-vermiculite eyandisiweyo kunye, Imveliso ephumayo inokusebenza okungangeni manzi kwaye ingasetyenziswa apho kukho amanzi. Ukuqhuba kobushushu kwe-binder kudla ngokuba phezulu kune-vermiculite eyandisiweyo, ngoko ke ukongezwa kwe-binder kwenza ilitye le-oyster elongeziweyo libe nokusetyenziswa okutsha, Kodwa kunciphisa nesiphumo sokukhusela ubushushu se-vermiculite eyongeziweyo.
8. Ibhodi ye-calcium silicon
Ibhodi ye-calcium silicate yenziwe ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous kunye nelayimu njengezinto eziphambili, kwaye iimveliso ezithintela ubushushu ezenziwe ngokongeza i-fibre yokuqinisa zikwabizwa ngokuba yibhodi ye-calcium silicate kunye nebhodi ye-calcium silicate encinci. Ibhodi ye-calcium silicate yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini ngokwendlela eyakhiwe ngayo: enye yibhodi ye-calcium silicate eqhelekileyo, ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali lwe-CaO/SiO2 lumalunga ne-0.8, ulwakhiwo lweeminerali yi-tobermorite (tobermorite, 5CaO·6SiO2·5H2O); enye yi-Calcium hard silicate, ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali lwe-CaO/SiO2 lumalunga ne-1.0, kwaye ulwakhiwo lweeminerali yi-calcium hard silicate.
I-calcium silicate ineempawu ezintle kakhulu ezifana nomthamo omncinci, ukwahlukana okunamandla, ukuqhuba kobushushu obuphantsi, ukwakhiwa okulula, kunye nezinga lokulahleka eliphantsi. Uxinano lwebhodi ye-calcium silicate luchazwa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela njengelungadluli kwi-220kg/m3, kwaye ezinye zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezingama-33 ezingadluli kwi-220kg/m3, ezingadluli kwi-170kg/m3, kwaye zingadluli kwi-130kg/m; iTshayina ihlelwe njengengadluli kwi-240kg /cm3, ingadluli kwi-220kg/cm3, ingadluli kwi-170kg/cm3. Amandla oxinzelelo angaphezulu kwe-0.4MPa, amandla okuguquguquka angaphezulu kwe-0.2MPa; ukuqhuba kobushushu (70℃ ± 5℃) yi-0.049～0.064W/(m·K) ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza, kwaye i-torbe mullite yi-650℃, uhlobo lwe-calcium silicate yi-1000℃.
Ibhodi ye-calcium silicate ingasakwa okanye ibethelelwe, kwaye ingenziwa ibe ngamabhodi, iibhloko okanye iikhabhathi. Ingasetyenziswa njengezinto zokuthintela ubushushu kwiipayipi zobushushu kunye nezitofu zoshishino kumandla ombane, kushishino lweekhemikhali, kwi-metallurgy, kwiinqanawa, njl.njl.; ukuthintela umlilo kunye nobushushu kwizakhiwo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, Ingasetyenziselwa umaleko wokuthintela ubushushu we-oven yokushisa okuphezulu kunye neqonga lemoto ye-oven tunnel; omabini amacala ebhodi ye-calcium silicate anokuncamathiselwa nge-veneer yeplastiki, i-plywood, ibhodi yesamente ye-asbestos, njl.njl. Ingasetyenziselwa njengezinto zokuthintela ubushushu. Uninzi lwezixhobo zobunjineli bokuthintela ubushushu kwihlabathi zisebenzisa ibhodi ye-calcium silicate, kwaye amanye amazwe asebenzisa ibhodi ye-calcium silicate yokuthintela ubushushu kushishino olune-70% ukuya kwi-80%.
9. Isitena seenxalenye ezidadayo (Isitena seCenosphere)
Izitena zeCenosphere ziimveliso ezikhusela ubushushu ezenziwe ngee-cenosphere njengezinto eziphambili zokwenza imveliso. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, ilizwe lam laqala ukusebenzisa ii-cenosphere ze-fly ash ukuvelisa izitena ezikhusela ubushushu ezisekelwe kudongwe. Ngenxa yenkqubo elula kunye nezixhobo ezininzi, umgangatho wemveliso ulungile. Ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980, indlela ye-clinker enemingxuma okanye ukongezwa kwe-cenosphere ze-fly ash kuye kwasetyenziswa ukuvelisa izitena zeCenosphere.
Izitena zeCenosphere ziibhola ezingenanto zeglasi ye-aluminium silicate ezintantayo ezivela kuthuthu oluvela kwizityalo zamandla obushushu. Zinobunzima obulula, udonga oluncinci, umphezulu ongenanto, ogudileyo, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu, kunye namandla aphezulu okucinezelwa. Kunye nezinye iindlela zokusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa ezi mpawu zecenosphere, izixhobo zokuxhathisa ubushushu ezinokusebenza kakuhle kokugcina ubushushu zinokwenziwa. Ukuveliswa kwezitena zecenosphere kunokwenziwa ngendlela eyomileyo kancinci, enenkqubo elula kwaye ayifuni nkqubo yokugqiba.
Izitena zeCenosphere zingcono kunezixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu eziphakathi ezikhoyo ngokwendlela enamandla oomatshini, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuqhuba kobushushu, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye ziyafana neefayibha ze-silicate. Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-oven ezahlukeneyo zoshishino ezinobushushu obuphezulu kubushushu be-1200°C ukufezekisa injongo yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Izitena zeCenosphere zisetyenziswa kwii-oven zoshishino kunye nezixhobo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kwi-metallurgy, oomatshini, iikhemikhali, ipetroli, izixhobo zokwakha, ishishini lokukhanya, amandla ombane kunye namanye amacandelo. Ngokubanzi, zingonga amandla nge-15% ukuya kwi-40%. Luhlobo olutsha oluhle lokwahlulahlula okukhaphukhaphu. Izinto ezisebenzisa ubushushu.
10. Isitena esingqukuva esingenanto
Isitena se-Alumina esingenanto
Isitena se-Alumina hollow sphere sisixhobo esikhusela ubushushu esikhusela ubushushu esine-alumina hollow sphere njengesixhobo esiphambili. Iimpawu zobugcisa eziqhelekileyo zezitena ze-alumina hollow sphere zezi: Umxholo we-Al2O3 awungaphantsi kwe-98%, umxholo we-SiO2 awungaphezulu kwe-0.5%, umxholo we-Fe2O3 awungaphezulu kwe-0.2%, uxinano olukhulu yi-1.3 ~ 1.4g / cm3, i-porosity ebonakalayo yi-60% ~ 80%, Amandla okucinezela angaphantsi kwe-9.8MPa, ubushushu bomthwalo obuthambileyo (0.2MPa) abungaphantsi kwe-1700℃, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kobushushu yi-0.7 ~ 0.8W / (m·K).
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-thermal insulation eqhelekileyo kunye neemveliso ezichaseneyo, izitena ze-alumina hollow sphere zibonakaliswa linani elikhulu lee-pores ezivaliweyo kwimveliso. Ke ngoko, zinamandla aphezulu kunye nesakhiwo se-pore esizinzileyo, uxinano oluphantsi kunye nokuqhuba okuphantsi kobushushu. Zisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ubushushu obuphezulu obungaphantsi kwe-1800℃ ii-linings ze-industrial oil, ezifana nezitena ze-industrial oil ezihambelanayo kwimizi-mveliso echaseneyo, ye-elektroniki, kunye neye-ceramic; iileya ze-thermal insulation zezixhobo ze-thermal ezihambelanayo, ezifana nezitena ze-gasification kwimizi-mveliso ye-petrochemical, izitena zegesi, ii-reactors zemizi-mveliso yamalahle, izitena ze-insulation ze-induction oil kwimizi-mveliso ye-metallurgical.
B Izitena zeZirconia ezingenanto
Isitena se-Zirconia esingenanto sisixhobo esikhusela ubushushu esenziwe ngee-zirconia ezingenanto njengezinto eziphambili ezisetyenzisiweyo. Isigaba esiphambili sekristale sesi sitena yi-cubic zirconia (malunga ne-70% ukuya kwi-80% yokwakheka kwezimbiwa), kwaye ukusebenza kwayo okuqhelekileyo yi: Ukungaguquguquki kungaphezulu kwe-2400℃, i-porosity ebonakalayo yi-55% ~ 60%, ubuninzi bomthamo yi-2.5 ~ 3.0g / cm3, amandla oxinzelelo angaphantsi kwe-4.9MPa, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kobushushu yi-0.23 ~ 0.35W / (m·K).
Ii-Zirconia hollow spheres ziimveliso ezikhusela ubushushu kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokusetyenziswa obukhuselekileyo yi-2200℃. Izitena ze-Zirconia hollow sphere zinamandla aphezulu obushushu obuphezulu kunye nesakhiwo esizinzileyo se-pore, ngoko zingasetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kubushushu obuphezulu be-2200℃. Izitena ze-Zirconia hollow ball zine-density ephantsi kunye ne-thermal conductivity ephantsi, engenakuncitshisa kuphela ukulahleka kobushushu, kodwa ikwanciphisa nokugcinwa kobushushu. Ke ngoko, njengesixhobo sokuvala ubushushu obuphezulu esichukumisa ngokuthe ngqo ilangatye kwizixhobo zobushushu ezifana ne-metallurgy, i-petroleum, imboni yeekhemikhali, i-elektroniki, njl.njl., inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye inciphise ubunzima besithando sobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye isiphumo sokusebenzisa silungile.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-26-2021