Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela umsebenzi wothuthu lwempukane kwaye zintsonkothile kakhulu. Izinto eziphambili zokulawula ziquka: ukwakheka kweekhemikhali (ngokuyintloko isigaba seglasi); ulwakhiwo lweglasi; iziphene zeekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba zenqaku lokusebenza kwiglasi (kubandakanya ezo ziveliswa kukugaywa); amanzi Indima yendlela yokusabela kweekhemikhali; ukusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana eesuntswana. Okukhona iinkqubo ezininzi kumgca wokuveliswa kothuthu lwempukane, kokukhona uthuthu lwempukane luncipha, kwaye ixabiso lothuthu lwempukane liphezulu. Kodwa ngokubanzi, lunokwahlulwa lube ngamacandelo amabini; enye yikhemikhali, ebandakanya ikakhulu inani kunye nokwakheka kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezithatha inxaxheba kwaye zikhuthaza iimpendulo ze-pozzolanic; enye yeyomzimba, echaphazela kakhulu inkqubo yokumanzisa kunye nokuqina kwesamente. Isakhiwo selitye lesamente esenziwe kamva.
1. Izinto zekhemikhali
Ekubeni isigaba seglasi ye-silica-alumina sisona sizathu siphambili somsebenzi we uthuthu lwempukane, izinto ezinciphisa inani lemizimba yeglasi, ezifana nokulahleka okukhulu ekutshiseni kunye nezigaba ezininzi zekristale, azilungelanga umsebenzi. Ukongeza, ekubunjweni kwesigaba seglasi, iindima zezinto ezahlukeneyo azifani. Ii-Oxides zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwi uthuthu lwempukane, kwaye zikwazezona zinto ziphambili kwiimveliso zokufunxa amanzi. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobudala kunye nobushushu, ubungakanani kunye nokubaluleka kwee-oxides ezithatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo zokufunxa amanzi zahlukile. Umzekelo, i-iron inokunciphisa iqondo lokunyibilika kothuthu, nto leyo enceda ekwakhiweni kwee-microbeads zeglasi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-iron oxide inamandla amancinci okuthatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo zokufunxa amanzi, kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba umxholo we-iron oxide ogqithisileyo awulungelanga ukusebenza; inani elincinci le-alkali metal oxides linokukhuthaza ukufunxa amanzi. Ukusabela kwenziwa, kodwa xa kusetyenziswa i-active aggregate, umxholo ophezulu we-potassium kunye ne-sodium oxides kwi-fly ash uya kukhuthaza impendulo ye-alkaline aggregate, ngaloo ndlela utshabalalise ukuzinza kwekhonkrithi; inani elincinci le-sulfur trioxide kwi-fly ash ine Iluncedo ekwakhiweni kwe-hydrated calcium silicate kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate (ettringite) enegalelo kumandla okuqala, kodwa ukwanda kakhulu kwe-ettringite kuya kubangela iingxaki zozinzo lomthamo, ngoko umxholo we-sulfur trioxide akufuneki ube phezulu kwi-3%.
2. Izinto ezibonakalayo
Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela umsebenzi wothuthu lwempukane ziimo zesuntswana, ulwakhiwo lwe-microstructure kunye nezinye izinto zomzimba. Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zothuthu lwempukane, okukhona imfuneko yamanzi incinci yokuhambelana okuqhelekileyo, kokukhona umsebenzi uphezulu; okukhona umxholo wekhabhoni uphantsi, kokukhona umsebenzi uphezulu; okukhona ubuncinci bokucoleka, kokukhona umsebenzi uphezulu; ngokwemo yesuntswana, iglasi engqukuva kuthuthu lwempukane Okukhona umsebenzi wothuthu lwempukane uphezulu. Ukusuka kwimpawu yesakhiwo se-microstructure u-E, uthuthu lwempukane nge-silicon-oxygen emfutshane, isakhiwo se-tetrahedral sinomsebenzi ophezulu.
Indawo ethile yomphezulu wothuthu lwempukane ingabonakalisa ukwakheka kwesuntswana kunye nolwakhiwo lothuthu lwempukane ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Amasuntswana amancinci othuthu lwempukane anendawo enkulu yomphezulu; umzimba weglasi otyebileyo ngecalcium unesakhiwo esixineneyo kunye nendawo encinci yomphezulu ohambelanayo; kukho imizimba emininzi yeglasi enemingxuma. Imingxuma, indawo ethile yomphezulu ohambelanayo inkulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-15-2022