Isamente yeFly Ash Portland

Isamente yasePortland
Uthuthu olubhabhayo Isamente yasePortland ibhekisa kudibaniso lwesamente yasePortland i-clinker kunye nothuthu oluyimpukane, ixutywe nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-gypsum ize igutywe, ibhalwe ikhowudi PF Nasiphi na isixhobo se-hydraulic cementitious esenziwe nge-Portland cement clinker, uthuthu oluyimpukane kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womhlaba we-gypsum sibizwa ngokuba yi-fly ash. Isamente yasePortland, ebizwa ikhowudi PF. Ubungakanani bothuthu oluyimpukane olongezwe kwisamente yi-20% ~ 40% ngobunzima, kwaye umgangatho walo wamandla kunye neemfuno zamandla kuzo zonke iminyaka ziyafana nezo zesamente yasePortland.

Impahla engekasilwa
Yenziwe nge-clinker yesamente yasePortland kunye uthuthu lwempukane, ixutywe nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-gypsum ize igutywe. Ikhowudi PF
Nasiphi na isixhobo sokubumba i-hydraulic esenziwe nge-Portland cement clinker, i-fly ash kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womhlaba we-gypsum sibizwa ngokuba yi-fly ash Portland cement, ebizwa ngokuba yi-PF. Ubungakanani bothuthu olufakwe kwi-cement buyi-20% ukuya kwi-40% ngobunzima. Kuvumelekile ukuba kuthathwe inxaxheba kwi-granulated blast furnace slag engadluli kwi-1/3 yenani lilonke lezinto ezixutyiweyo. Ngeli xesha, inani lilonke lezinto ezixutyiweyo linokufikelela kwi-50%, kodwa ubungakanani bothuthu oluxutyiweyo akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwe-20% okanye ngaphezulu kwe-40%.
Iimbonakalo
Ulwakhiwo lwesamente yothuthu oluyimpukane luxineneyo, indawo ethile yangaphakathi incinci, kwaye amandla okufunxa amanzi ancinci kakhulu, kwaye imfuno yamanzi yokufunxa isamente incinci, ngoko ke ukuncitshiswa okomileyo kwesamente yothuthu oluyimpukane kuncinci, kwaye ukumelana nokuqhekeka nako kuphantsi. Ukongeza, njengesamente eqhelekileyo exutywe nezixube ezisebenzayo, inobushushu obuphantsi bokufunxa amanzi kunye nokumelana okunamandla kokugqwala.
Ukusebenza
Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zesamente yePortland ash zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Amandla okuqala aphantsi, kwaye izinga lokunyuka kwamandla emva kwexesha likhulu: amandla okuqala esamente yomlotha wempukane aphantsi, kwaye amandla okuqala ancipha kakhulu ngokwanda komxholo womlotha wempukane. Ngenxa yokuba umzimba we-vitreous kumlotha wempukane uzinzile kakhulu, amasuntswana omlotha wempukane ayatshatyalaliswa kwaye atshatyalaliswe kancinci yiCa(OH)2 ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunxa isamente yomlotha wempukane, ngoko ke uphuhliso lwamandla esamente yomlotha wempukane lubonakala kakhulu kwinqanaba lokugqibela. , izinga layo lokunyuka kwamandla emva kwexesha likhulu, kwaye linokudlula namandla emva kwexesha esamente yePortland ehambelanayo.
(2) Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuncitshiswa okuncinci okomileyo: Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwamasuntswana othuthu oluyimpukane avaliwe kwaye aqinile, kwaye indawo yangaphakathi kunye namanzi afakwe kwi-molecule enye mancinci, isamente yothuthu oluyimpukane iyasebenza kakuhle kwaye incitshiswa okuncinci okomileyo. , ineempawu zokuba namandla aphezulu okutsalwa kunye nokumelana okuhle nokuqhekeka. Le yinzuzo ecacileyo yesamente yothuthu oluyimpukane.
(3) Ukumelana kakuhle nokugqwala: isamente yothuthu oluphumayo inokumelana okuphezulu nokugqwala kumanzi acocekileyo kunye ne-sulfate. Ngenxa yokudibanisa i-SiO2 esebenzayo kuthuthu oluphumayo kunye ne-Ca(OH)2, i-calcium silicate hydrate iveliswa xa ilinganisiwe. Uxinzelelo olufunekayo (oko kukuthi i-alkalinity yesigaba solwelo) luphantsi kakhulu kunolo lufunekayo ukuze kubekho ukulingana kwe-calcium silicate hydrate kwisamente eqhelekileyo yasePortland, ngoko ke izinga lokuphuma kwamanzi acocekileyo liyancipha kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukumelana nesamente. Amandla okugqwala kwamanzi acocekileyo kunye nokumelana nomonakalo we-sulfate.
(4) Ubushushu obuphantsi bokufuma: Isantya sokufuma sesamente yothuthu oluphumayo sicotha kwaye ubushushu bokufufuma buphantsi, ingakumbi xa ubungakanani bothuthu oluphumayo bukhulu, ukuncipha kobushushu bokufufuma kuyabonakala kakhulu.

Isamente yasePortland
Zonke ii-clinker zesamente zasePortland zenziwe ikakhulu nge-calcium silicate, i-limestone okanye i-granulated blast furnace slag engaphantsi kwe-5%, kunye nezinto zesamente ze-hydraulic ezenziwe nge-gypsum ecoliweyo kakuhle zibizwa ngokuba yi-Portland cement. Zibizwa ngokuba yi-Portland Cement kwihlabathi liphela.
Ulwahlulo
Isamente yasePortland yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini, uhlobo I isamente yasePortland engenazo izinto ezixutyiweyo lubizwa ngokuba yiPortland cement, ikhowudi P·I; izinto ezixutyiweyo ezine-limestone okanye i-granulated blast furnace slag engadluli kwi-5% yobunzima besamente lubizwa ngokuba yi-II Type Portland cement, ikhowudi P·Ⅱ.
Ukwakheka kwezimbiwa
Eyona minerali iphambili yesamente yasePortland yile: i-tricalcium silicate, i-dicalcium silicate, i-tricalcium aluminate, kunye ne-tetracalcium ferric aluminate. I-Tricalcium silicate imisela amandla esamente yasePortland kwiiveki ezine; i-dicalcium silicate ibonakalisa amandla ayo emva kweeveki ezine, kwaye ifikelele kumandla e-tricalcium silicate iiveki ezine kunyaka omnye; amandla e-tricalcium aluminate Isebenza ngokukhawuleza, kodwa amandla aphantsi, kwaye idlala indima ethile kumandla esamente yasePortland kwiintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 okanye ixesha elide kancinci; Amandla esamente yetyuwa ye-asidi mancinci.