Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezichasayo, zinyibilikiswa lula kwaye zithambe ngenxa yeziphumo zomzimba, iikhemikhali, ezoomatshini kunye nezinye kubushushu obuphezulu (ngokubanzi i-1000 ~ 1800 °C), okanye zigugulwe kukukhukuliseka, okanye ziqhekeke kwaye zonakale, nto leyo ephazamisa ukusebenza. Izinto ezingcolisiweyo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ukuba izinto ezichasayo zibe neempawu ezinokuzivumelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ezi zilandelayo zizibonakaliso ezi-4 ezichaza ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu bezinto ezichasayo:
(1) I-Refractory
Ukungaguquguquki kubhekisa kubushushu apho into ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile lokuthamba phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye kubonakalisa ukusebenza kwezinto ngokuchasene nesenzo sobushushu obuphezulu. Ukungaguquki kusisiseko sokugweba ukuba into ingasetyenziswa njenge-refractory. I-International Organisation for Standardization imisela ukuba izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi ezingaphiliyo ezinoburhabaxa obungaphezulu kwe-1500 ℃ zizinto ezichaseneyo. Yahlukile kwinqanaba lokunyibilika kwezinto kwaye yindlela ebanzi yokubonakalisa umxube wezinto eziqinileyo zesigaba esineeminerali ezahlukeneyo.
Eyona nto iphambili echaza ukunganyangeki kukwakheka kweeminerali zeekhemikhali kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto. Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezingacocekanga, ingakumbi ezo zineziphumo ezinamandla zokunyibilikisa, ziya kunciphisa kakhulu ukunganyangeki kwezinto. Ke ngoko, amanyathelo afanelekileyo kufuneka aqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yemveliso ukuqinisekisa nokuphucula ubunyulu bezinto ezikrwada.
Ukurhawuzelela akulonani elipheleleyo elibhekiselele kwinto ethile, kodwa luphawu lobuchwephesha oluhambelanayo xa into ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile lokuthamba elilinganiswa phantsi kweemeko ezithile zovavanyo. Izinto zovavanyo zenziwa zibe yikhowuni engxantathu enqunyiweyo (ebizwa ngokuba yikhowuni yovavanyo) ngokwendlela emiselweyo, kunye nekhowuni engxantathu enqunyiweyo eqhelekileyo (ebizwa ngokuba yikhowuni esemgangathweni) enobushushu obungaguqukiyo kwisantya esithile sokufudumeza. Ukufudumeza, kunye nokurhawuzelela kugqitywa ngokuthelekisa inqanaba lokugoba kwekhowuni yovavanyo kunye nenqanaba lokugoba kwekhowuni esemgangathweni. Umzantsi ongezantsi wekhowuni engxantathu enqunyiweyo ubude buyi-8mm kwicala ngalinye, umzantsi ophezulu uyi-2mm kwicala ngalinye, kwaye ukuphakama yi-30mm. Ngexesha lokulinganisa, isigaba solwelo sinokuvela kwiphiramidi kubushushu obuphezulu. Njengoko ubushushu busanda, ubungakanani besigaba solwelo buyanda, i-viscosity yesigaba solwelo iyancipha, kwaye ikhowuni iyancipha. Xa ukuthamba kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, ikhowuni igoba kancinci kancinci ngenxa yobunzima bayo. Xa ikhowuni yovavanyo kunye nekhowuni esemgangathweni zigobile ngaxeshanye de incopho yazo idibane ne-chassis, ubushushu obumiselweyo bokugoba kwekhowuni esemgangathweni buya kulawula njengoburhabaxa bekhowuni yovavanyo.
Ikwaziwa ngokuba yindawo yokuthambisa ye-refractory phantsi komthwalo okanye ubushushu bokuguquguquka kwe-refractory phantsi komthwalo, ibonisa ukumelana kwe-refractory kwisenzo esidibeneyo sobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomthwalo phantsi komthwalo oqhubekayo okanye uluhlu lobushushu apho i-refractory ibonisa ukuguquguquka okucacileyo kweplastiki. Ubushushu obuphezulu benkonzo ye-refractory bunokuqikelelwa kubushushu bokuthambisa phantsi komthwalo. Ubushushu bokuthambisa phantsi komthwalo bumele amandla olwakhiwo lwe-refractory phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokusetyenziswa, kwaye bungasetyenziswa njengesiseko sokumisela ubushushu obuphezulu benkonzo ye-refractory.
Eyona nto iphambili emisela ubushushu bokuthambisa phantsi komthwalo yikhemikhali yeminerali equlunqwe yile nto, ekwanxulumene ngqo nenkqubo yokuvelisa le nto. Ubushushu bokuthambisa bezinto bunempembelelo enkulu kubushushu bokuthambisa phantsi komthwalo. Ukuba ubushushu bokuthambisa bunyuswe ngokufanelekileyo, ubushushu bokuthambisa kokuqala buya kunyuka ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-porosity, ukukhula kweekristale, kunye nokunamathelana okuhle. Ukuphucula ubunyulu bezinto ezikrwada kunye nokunciphisa umxholo wokunyibilika okuphantsi okanye i-solvent kuya kwandisa ubushushu bokuthambisa phantsi komthwalo. Umzekelo, i-sodium oxide kwizitena zodongwe kunye ne-alumina kwizitena ze-silica zonke zii-oxides eziyingozi.
(3) Uzinzo lomthamo wobushushu obuphezulu wezinto ezichasayo
Phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obuphezulu ixesha elide, izinto ezichaseneyo zivelisa ukwanda komthamo, okubizwa ngokuba kukwandiswa okushiyekileyo. Ubungakanani bokwandiswa okushiyekileyo (ukuguqulwa) kwezinto ezichaseneyo bubonakalisa umgangatho wozinzo lomthamo wobushushu obuphezulu. Okukhona ukuguquguquka okushiyekileyo kuncinci, kokukhona uzinzo lomthamo lungcono; ngokuchaseneyo, kokukhona uzinzo lomthamo lubi, kokukhona kulula ukubangela ukuguquguquka okanye umonakalo womthi wokwakha.
Utshintsho lomgca wokutsha kwakhona ludla ngokusetyenziswa ukugweba uzinzo lomthamo wobushushu obuphezulu bezinto, nto leyo eluphawu olubalulekileyo lokuvavanya umgangatho wezinto.
Uninzi lwezinto ezichasayo ziya kuncipha phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obuphezulu. Ngexesha lokuphinda kufakwe, uninzi lwezinto ezichasayo ziya kuncipha, ikakhulu kuba isigaba solwelo esiveliswa zizinto ezikubushushu obuphezulu siya kuzalisa iimbobo, ukuze amasuntswana aqiniswe ngakumbi kwaye atsalwe Kutshanje, kwenzeke ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto, okukhokelela ekuxineni ngakumbi kwezinto. Kukwakho nezinto ezimbalwa ezikhula ngexesha lokuphinda kufakwe izinto. Umzekelo, izitena ze-silica ziyanda ngenxa yotshintsho lwe-polycrystalline ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-quartz engaguqukiyo yezitena ze-silica iya kuqhubeka iguqulwa ibe yi-tridymite okanye isikwere kubushushu obuphezulu. I-Quartz, ekhula ngomthamo, imalunga ne-10% engaguqukiyo kwizitena ze-silica. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuncipha kokuphinda kufakwe izinto kunye nokwanda kwazo, kuyasebenza ukunyusa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bokudubula kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokubamba, kodwa akufuneki ibe phezulu kakhulu, kungenjalo iya kubangela i-vitrification yesakhiwo sezinto kwaye inciphise uzinzo lobushushu. Ngenxa yokwanda kwee-quartz particles kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo ngexesha lokudubula nokusetyenziswa, nto leyo ethintela ukushwabana kodongwe, utshintsho lomthamo wezitena ze-semi-silica luncinci, kwaye ezinye zazo zandisiwe kancinci.
(4) Uzinzo lomothuko olushushu
Amandla e-refractories okumelana notshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubushushu ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa abizwa ngokuba yi-thermal shock stability. Le propati ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-thermal shock resistance okanye i-thermal shock resistance.
Eyona nto iphambili echaphazela isalathisi sokuqina kobushushu bezinto ezisetyenziswayo ziimpawu zomzimba zezinto ezisetyenziswayo, ezinje ngokwandiswa kobushushu, ukuqhuba kobushushu njalo njalo. Ngokubanzi, xa izinga lokwandiswa komgca wezinto ezisetyenziswayo liphezulu, kokukhona uzinzo lobushushu lusiba lubi; xa ukuqhuba kobushushu bezinto ezisetyenziswayo kuphezulu, kokukhona uzinzo lobushushu luba lubi. Ukongeza, isakhiwo se-microstructure, ukwakheka kwamasuntswana kunye nemilo yezinto ezichasene nobushushu zonke zinefuthe kuzinzo lobushushu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-15-2022