IiCenospheres ezininzi, Izicelo ezininzi

Nangona usenokuba awuyazi loo nto, ihlabathi lanamhlanje linezizathu ezininzi zokubulela nge-cenospheres.

Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ngobukho bazo, bambalwa nangakumbi abantu abaziyo apho zivela khona. Nangona ukujonga nje iWikipedia, umthombo wazo zonke iimithombo, kuya kwazisa abo bangaziyo ukuba, “I-cenosphere yi-sphere ekhaphukhaphu, engasebenziyo, engenanto eyenziwe kakhulu yi-silica kunye ne-alumina kwaye izaliswe ngumoya okanye igesi engasebenziyo, edla ngokuveliswa njengemveliso yokutsha kwamalahle kwizityalo zamandla obushushu. Umbala wee-cenospheres uyahluka ukusuka kumbala ongwevu ukuya phantse omhlophe kwaye ubuninzi bazo bumalunga ne-0.4–0.8 g/cm3 (0.014–0.029 lb/cu in), nto leyo ebenza bathambe kakhulu.”

Nangona kunjalo, oko akuchazi nto ingako ubuhle bokwenyani bezi bhola zincinci, kodwa zinamandla, zothuthu lwempukane. Amandla azo okwenyani akwindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwazo. Njengoko ijenali yeshishini laseFransi, i-Industrie & Technologies, isitsho, "Ngenxa yoxinano lwazo oluphantsi, ubungakanani obuncinci, imo engqukuva, amandla oomatshini, ubushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika, i-inertia yamakhemikhali, iimpawu zokukhusela kunye ne-porosity ephantsi, ii-microspheres [ezaziwa ngokuba zii-cenospheres] zifumana uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kushishino. Ngokukodwa, [zilungele] ukuqinisa izinto okanye ukunika iimpawu zokumelana nokugqwala, okanye ubushushu kunye nobushushu besandi kwiingubo okanye kwiipeyinti. Zingachazwa njengezizalisi ezininzi kwaye zidityaniswe kakuhle kwiiresini kunye nezihlanganisi ezifana ne-thermoplastics kunye ne-thermosetting."

IiCenospheres kwiPenti kunye neeCoatings

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa ii-cenospheres kwishishini lokupenda kunye nokufaka ii-coating kwimizi-mveliso, ngenxa yeempawu ezongezelelweyo ezibonelela ngazo. Umzekelo, ii-cenospheres zihlala zisetyenziswa kwii-coating ukulawula i-infrared radiation, zinika ezo coating ithuba ngaphezu kwezo zizama nje ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu.

Okwangoku, iingcali zokugquma kwiPetra Buildcare Products, zichaza indlela ii-cenospheres, “… eziphucula ngayo umgangatho wepeyinti ngokuphucula umthamo kunye noxinano lwemveliso. Emva kokusetyenziswa eludongeni, iintsimbi zeseramikhi zihlala zincipha ngaloo ndlela zenza ifilimu exineneyo eludongeni.”

IiCenospheres kwiSyntactic Foams

Ii-cenospheres zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza 'ii-syntactic foams'. Ezi zizinto eziqinileyo ezikhethekileyo ezisebenzisa ii-cenospheres njengesizalisi ukubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, ukusuka kwixabiso eliphantsi, ukuya kumandla ongezelelweyo, ukuthintela isandi, ukubhabha kunye nokukhusela ubushushu.

Iingcali kwi-Engineered Syntactic Systems zichaza i-syntactic foam ngolu hlobo lulandelayo;

“Inxalenye ‘yesintaksi’ ibhekisa kwisakhiwo esicwangcisiweyo esibonelelwa zii-hollow spheres. Igama elithi ‘foam’ libhekisa kwimo yeseli yezinto. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zamandla aphezulu xa zixinene kakhulu, i-syntaksi foam isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zokudada ezingaphantsi kolwandle. Izinto zesintaksi azinampembelelo idibeneyo yoxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic kunye nokuvezwa ixesha elide okuzenza zilungele iiprojekthi zolwandle ezifana neentambo kunye nee-hardball floats kunye nenkxaso yezixhobo. Zikwabonelela ngamandla kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo ngobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu ngevolumu kunezinye izinto zemveli ezenza ukuba zibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kwizicelo ezininzi zokhuselo kunye nobunjineli boluntu.”

Iingqimba ze-cenospheres kwi-Petroleum Drilling

Ukuze ufumane ubungqina bokubaluleka okungaziwayo kwee-cenospheres, akufuneki ujonge phambili kwindima ebalulekileyo eziyidlalayo kwishishini le-petroleum. Nangona wonke umntu esazi ngokubaluleka kweoyile kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, yinto encinci eyaziwayo ukuba ii-cenospheres, njengoko ijenali yeshishini laseFransi, i-Industrie & Technologies, isitsho, “…zisetyenziswe iminyaka eliqela kwicandelo lokugrumba ioyile ukunciphisa uxinano lwe-petroleum cement paste ngaphandle kokunyusa umxholo wamanzi.”

IiCenospheres kwiPlastiki nakwiiPolymers

IiCenospheres zikwasetyenziswa ekwenziweni kweeplastiki kunye neepolymers, njengoko imo yazo okanye amandla azo anokuhlengahlengiswa kwakhona zinceda ekuthinteleni ukuncitshiswa kweethermoplastics kunye neeplastiki ezitshintshayo.

Zikwasetyenziswa nakwii-composites zanamhlanje kushishino lweemoto. Umzekelo, iChevrolet Corvette ka-2016 iqulethe "i-sheet molding compound apho ii-microspheres zeglasi zithatha indawo ye-calcium carbonate filler kwaye zichebe ubunzima bemodeli yeStingray Coupe ngeekhilogram ezingama-20 [9kg]." USekela Mongameli womenzi, iContinental Structural Plastics Inc., uProbir Guha, uchaza isizathu sokufakwa kwee-cenospheres kwi-composite, esithi, "ifomula eqhelekileyo ye-SMC yolu hlobo lwesicelo sesithuthi iquka i-20% ngokomthamo wefayibha yeglasi, i-35% ye-resin kunye ne-45% ye-filler, ngesiqhelo i-calcium carbonate," wongeza ngelithi, "Le SMC intsha [sheet molding compound] ikhuphisana nexabiso ne-aluminium."

IiCenospheres kwiConcrete

Kangangeminyaka, ii-cenospheres beziluncedo kakhulu kwikhonkrithi, zibonelela ngamandla ongezelelweyo, okanye ukuthintela isandi, ngelixa zinciphisa uxinano. UJeff Girard, uMongameli kwiConcrete Countertop Institute, uchaza ezi nzuzo, esithi, “Ngokwethiyori, ii-cenospheres zinokuthatha indawo yesanti enobunzima obuqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi. Ii-cenospheres zinoxinano olungaphantsi kwamanzi (umyinge we-0.7 vs. Amanzi ayi-1.0); amasuntswana esanti ye-quartz adla ngokuba noxinano olumalunga ne-2.65. Oku kuthetha ukuba iponti enye yee-cenospheres ithatha ubuninzi obufanayo obumalunga ne-3.8 lbs yesanti.”

I-Industrie & Technologies, ikwachaza ukusetyenziswa kwee-cenospheres njengendlela yokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwengxolo, isithi, “[Ii-cenospheres zisetyenziswa] kwizixhobo zokwakha ukuze zikhanyise ikhonkrithi, ngelixa zigcina amandla oxinzelelo angama-30 MPa kuxinano lwe-1.6 T / m3, ziphucula ukuqina kwazo kwaye zinciphise ukuhanjiswa kwesandi. Umzekelo, iZiko leSayensi neTekhnoloji ye-Applied Nanotechnologies yaseSt. Petersburg (STCAN) libandakanyeka ekwakheni iibhulorho ezineekhonkrithi ezinjalo eRashiya, [ukuze kubekho umphezulu wendlela ozolileyo]. Ii-cenospheres zikwasetyenziselwa ukuphucula iimpawu zobushushu kunye nokuthintela isandi se-plasters, ii-mortar kunye nee-plasters, ezisetyenziselwa iindonga, imigangatho kunye neesilingi. Ukongezwa kwee-cenospheres zevolumu ezingama-40% kunciphisa i-coefficient yokuhanjiswa kwengxolo.”

IiCenospheres kwiMithi

Ii-cenospheres bezisetyenziswa kwishishini lamayeza kangangeminyaka emininzi, njengoko iibhola ezincinci zinokusebenza njengesixhobo sokuthutha esifanelekileyo xa zigqunywe ngamayeza. Ukongeza, njengoko iphephancwadi leshishini laseFransi, i-Industrie & Technologies, liphawula, “Ii-cenospheres ezigqunywe yi-silver oxide, umzekelo, zinokudityaniswa nee-dressing ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukuphiliswa kwamanxeba.”

IiCenospheres kwiMizi-mveliso ePhambili

Kuye kwenziwa uphando oluninzi ukuze kufunyanwe iindlela ezintsha zokusetyenziswa kwale mveliso ingasetyenziswayo. Umzekelo, kuphuhliswa ii-catalysts ezintsha zenkqubo ye-methane oxidation kusetyenziswa ii-magnetic cenospheres.

Ii-cenospheres nazo ziyasetyenziswa ekuphuhlisweni kwee-metal matrix composites (MMC), izinto ezahlukeneyo ezizama ukudibanisa ukufunxwa kwamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nempembelelo, kunye noxinano oluphantsi lwee-spheres kunye neempawu zezinye izinto. Abanye, njengoPaul Biju-Duval weGeorgia Institute of Technology ese-Atlanta, basebenze nzima ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo zokwakha ezingenasimende. Umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka, wongeza kumxube we-cenosphere, izinto ezifana ne-bamboo kunye ne-metallic tube njengendlela yokufumana ezinye iindlela zokwakha, ezingabizi kakhulu, ezinamandla, kunye nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.

Okwangoku, i-Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology ye-Russian Academy of Sciences eKrasnoyarsk, ifunda iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngazo ii-cenospheres kwiinguqu ze-catalytic. Ngelixa iinkqubo ze-BAE zizama ukusebenzisa ii-cenospheres kwipeyinti njengendlela yokuxhasa ukungabonakali kwi-infrared spectrum, ngaloo ndlela ivumela izixhobo zomkhosi ukuba zibe 'neengubo zokungabonakali'.

Ngenxa yoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka, akumangalisi ukuba kutheni umdla kwi-cenospheres ukhula. Logama nje abavelisi bemveliso befuna izinto zokugcwalisa ubunzima obulula, iinkqubo eziphuculweyo zokuhambisa amayeza, izinto zokugquma eziphuculweyo, izinto ezithatha indawo yesamente, kunye nezongezo ezidityanisiweyo, kuya kubakho imfuneko ye-cenospheres. Ukongeza kuphando olwandisiweyo malunga nokusetyenziswa okutsha kwezi nxalenye ziguquguqukayo, ke lixesha kuphela eliya kuxela ukuba ikamva le-cenospheres lilele phi.