Indlela yokuchonga uthuthu lweempukane

Uthuthu lwanamhlanje lune-sulfide okanye i-sulfate eninzi (efana ne-gypsum, njl.njl.), eyahlukileyo kuthuthu lwendabuko. Ukuba lusetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi ngaphandle kovavanyo, luya kubangela ukuqhekeka okukhulu kunye nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi. Nangona imigangatho yangoku yothuthu lwe-fly inemiqathango yomxholo we-SO 3, ukuhlolwa kunye nokuqinisekiswa "kothuthu oluye lwasuswa" akunamsebenzi.

(2) "Uthuthu olususa uthuli"
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa kwe-NO x kwinkqubo yokutsha kwamalahle, kuyimfuneko ukwenza unyango lwe-"denitration" ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsha kwamalahle. Inkqubo yokutsha kwamalahle engafanelekanga inokubangela intsalela ye-NH4 kuthuthu lwempukane. Xa uthuthu lwempukane luxutywe nesamente, luya kudibana ne-alkali. Indalo esingqongileyo iya kukhupha i-NH 3 (igesi ye-ammonia), evelisa igesi eninzi kwinqanaba leplastiki lekhonkrithi.

(3) "Uthuthu olumnyama oludadayo"
Kwiteknoloji yanamhlanje yokutsha kwamalahle, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsha kwamalahle okanye ezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza kwezityalo zamandla, idizili okanye ezinye izinto ezinamafutha zongezwa njengezincedisi zokutsha kwinkqubo yokutsha kwamalahle. Ezi ncedisi zokutsha azinakutsha ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziya kuhlala kuthuthu lwempukane. Ioyile. Ingakumbi emva kokuba uthuthu lwempukane luhlulwe, uthuthu lwempukane oluqokelelweyo luya kuba neoyile engatshanga ngakumbi, esetyenziselwa ukuxuba ikhonkrithi. Ezi oyile ziyadada phezulu kwaye zibonakale njengeoyile emnyama edadayo kwikhonkrithi. Olu hlobo lothuthu lwempukane lubizwa ngokuba "luthuthu olumnyama oludadayo".

Ungamchonga njani?
(1) Indlela yokubona
Abahloli abanamava badla ngokwazi ukuba uthuthu lwempukane lucocekile kwaye lulahleka njani ngokujonga nje umbala wothuthu lwempukane.
Imbonakalo yothuthu oluphuma kwimpukane ifana nesamente, kwaye umbala uyahluka ukusuka kumhlophe omhlophe ukuya kumnyama ongwevu. Umbala wothuthu oluphuma kwimpukane luphawu olubalulekileyo lomgangatho olunokubonisa ubungakanani kunye nomahluko womxholo wekhabhoni, kwaye ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, lunokubonakalisa nothuthu oluphuma kwimpukane. Ubukhulu bayo. Okukhona umbala umnyama, kokukhona ubukhulu besuntswana lothuthu oluphuma kwimpukane buncipha kwaye kokhona umxholo wekhabhoni uphezulu.

Uthuthu lwempukane lwahlulwe lwaba luthuthu lwempukane olune-calcium ephantsi kunye nothuthu lwempukane olune-calcium ephezulu. Ngokubanzi, umbala wothuthu lwempukane olune-calcium ephezulu utyheli, kwaye umbala wothuthu lwempukane olune-calcium ephantsi ungwevu. Amasuntswana othuthu lwempukane anesakhiwo sehoneycomb esineembobo ezinomphezulu omkhulu kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu wokufunxa. Ubungakanani bamasuntswana buqala kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-300 μm. Ukongeza, udonga lwe-bead lunesakhiwo esineembobo esineembobo eziphezulu ukuya kwi-50% ukuya kwi-80%, kwaye lufunxa amanzi ngamandla.

Ukongeza kwimbonakalo yendalo, ungongeza amanzi kwaye uxube ukuze ubone uthuthu lwempukane. Kwibhotile yamanzi, yongeza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bothuthu lwempukane ukuze uxube ngokukhawuleza ngokulinganayo ukuze ujonge ukuba kukho uthuthu olumnyama oludada phezu kwamanzi ukuze ujonge ubungakanani bekhabhoni kuthuthu lwempukane; ukuba umbala wothuthu lwempukane umnyama kwaye unevumba elingaqhelekanga, amaconsi eoli, olu hlobo lothuthu lwempukane kufuneka lube yi-floating putty kwaye kufuneka lubuyiselwe.

Emva kokuba uthuthu olune-CaO2 kunye ne-SO3 luxutywe namanzi, isisombululo siba yi-alkaline, kwaye i-phenolphthalein reagent ifakwa kuyo, ebonakala ibomvu. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba ikhonkrithi ingaqhekeki ngenxa yokwanda komthamo we-Ca(OH) 2 kunye ne-calcium sulfoaluminate emanzi, imveliso kufuneka ibuyiselwe.

Okwesibini, ungaliva ivumba. Thatha umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wothuthu lwempukane kunye nesamente kwibhotile uze wongeze amanzi uze uxube ukuze wenze intlama. Ukuba uyaliva ivumba le-ammonia elibukhali, uthuthu lwempukane lungajongwa njengothuthu olungcolileyo.

Jonga ngemakroskopu! Ukuze ufumane uthuthu lobuxoki, qala ngokurhangqa. Ngokubanzi, amasuntswana othuthu oluphaphazelayo anobukhulu obuncinci bathambile ngakumbi kwaye iglasi ingqukuva phantsi kwemakroskopu (usebenzisa imakroskopu ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ali-100), kwaye umphezulu wamasuntswana anobukhulu obukhulu awuqhelekanga kodwa uphantse ube yingqukuva. Ukuba kuxutywe umgubo wesanti omhlaba omninzi, umgubo wamatye, umgubo we-boiler slag, kuya kubakho amasuntswana angaqhelekanga kwinqanaba ngalinye lobukhulu bamasuntswana, ngakumbi kwinqanaba elincinci lobukhulu bamasuntswana, eliya kubonakala lingaqhelekanga kwaye liyi-engile.

Ngaba kufuneka ndiphathe imakroskopu ukuze ndiyibone? Indlela elula yile: thatha malunga ne-1kg yothuthu oluyimpukane uze ulufake esityeni, uze wongeze amanzi kulo, uze uxube ngelixa ufaka amanzi de luzaliseke, uze ubone ukuba kukho umaleko weentsimbi ezimhlophe ezidada phezu kwamanzi, ukuba ngokwenene kukho, ukuba akukho, yinto yobuxoki.

Kwi-fly ash, kuqala ukuhluza. Ngokubanzi, amasuntswana othuthu oluhambayo olukwiklasi encinci yeesuntswana aneebhola zeglasi ezigudileyo ngakumbi phantsi kwe-microscope, kwaye umphezulu weesuntswana zodidi olukhulu lweesuntswana awuqhelekanga kodwa ungqukuva. Ukuba kuxutywe umgubo wesanti omhlaba omninzi, umgubo wamatye, umgubo we-boiler slag, kuya kubakho amasuntswana angaqhelekanga kudidi ngalunye lweesuntswana, ngakumbi kudidi oluncinci lweesuntswana.

Uthuthu lwempukane lokwenyani lunemigangatho engqongqo yesizwe kunye neenkcukacha zesicelo, kunye nemigangatho engqongqo yokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye ne-radioactivity. Iinkcukacha zokupakisha, imigangatho ecacileyo yomgangatho. Umbala umnyama nomthubi, ufana nomgubo, amasuntswana alungile kakhulu, isandla sivakala silungile kwaye somile, kwaye umxholo wokufuma uphantsi kakhulu. Uthuthu lwempukane lobuxoki lwenziwe kakhulu ngomgubo welitye, umgubo wezitena oxutywe nomlinganiselo omncinci wothuthu lwempukane okanye i-slag, kwaye inxalenye okanye yonke ipakishwe ngokuthe ngqo ngomgubo welitye. Uthuthu lwempukane lobuxoki ngokwalo alunabukrakra kwaye alunamsebenzi. Umbala umhlophe, kwaye eminye imibala ayicocekanga kakhulu. Imvakalelo yesandla irhabaxa, imanzi, kwaye ibhegi yokupakisha ayilunganga. Nika ingqalelo kwimiba engentla xa uthenga uthuthu lwempukane ukuqinisekisa ukuba unokuthenga uthuthu lwempukane lomgangatho ophezulu.

(2) Ungenza njani isampuli yokwamkelwa?
Tshintsha indlela yesiqhelo yokuvavanya iisampulu kunye nendawo ezikuyo, oko kukuthi, welding itephu ekhethekileyo yokuvavanya iisampulu kumbhobho wentsimbi wokunyusa uthuthu oluyi-100mm kubude obuthe nkqo obumalunga ne-1.5 yeemitha ukusuka emhlabeni, onokukhethwa ngokungacwangciswanga nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha uthuthu oluyi-fly. Thatha iisampulu kwaye wazise esidlangalaleni umthengisi wothuthu oluyi-fly ukuba ukuba iziphumo zeesampulu ezimbini zifunyenwe zahlukile kwisithuthi esinye, uya kohlwaywa kabuhlungu.