Ukuba besinokuthi ikhonkrithi sesona sixhobo sokwakha sidumileyo nesixhaphakileyo ehlabathini, ngebekungekho ngxoxo. Ikhonkrithi sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, silandela amanzi kuphela.
Ikhonkrithi eQinisekisiweyo yeFiber iphakathi kwezinto ezintsha ezininzi eziphuhlisiweyo ukuphucula iimpawu zokuqina kunye nezinye iimpawu zekhonkrithi.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha, ukuba yintoni le khonkrithi, iintlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo, kunye neenzuzo zayo, size sifumanise ukuba le khonkrithi ikulungele na.
Yintoni i Ifayibha Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo?
Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ngefayibha (FRC) yikhonkrithi entsha eqiniswe ngezinto ezinefayibha. Umzekelo, iifayibha zentsimbi ezinde. Le ndlela yokuqinisa iphucula iipropati zekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo.
Izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezinefayibha zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha. Olu hlobo lwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo luye lwathandwa kakhulu kangangokuba iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ngefayibha ziveliswa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zokusetyenziswa.
Yenziwe ngantoni ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha?
Izithako eziphambili zekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha zezi:
Isamente yeHydraulic
Eyona nto iphambili kwikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yisamente ye-hydraulic, ethi ibe yi-adhesive emva kokuba idibene namanzi. Ngokwesiqhelo, isamente yePortland isetyenziswa njengesamente ye-hydraulic kwikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha.
Iifayibha
Ukongeza iifayibha ezinde kutshintsha iipropati zekhonkrithi entsha ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo ezinefayibha. Kukho iindidi ezine zeefayibha ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuveliseni ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha. Ezi fayibha zekhonkrithi zezi:
Imicu yentsimbi
Iifayibha zeglasi
Iifayibha ezenziweyo
Iifayibha zendalo
Ii-Aggregates
I-aggregate inika amandla okubopha kwikhonkrithi ngelixa inciphisa umthamo wesamente ofunekayo. Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo ezihlanganisiweyo sisihlabathi, amatye atyumkileyo, kunye negrabile.
Imbali emfutshane ye-FRC
I-FRC ibikho ixesha elide, kodwa imicu yekhonkrithi iye yaphuculwa. Kumaxesha angaphambili, xa izakhiwo zazakhiwe ngamatye, i-mortar yayisebenza njenge-bonding agent ezibamba kunye. I-mortar yayiqiniswa kusetyenziswa i-horsehair.
Ngokufanayo, kwimeko yokwakha ngezitena zodaka, ingca yayiyeyona nto iphambili yokuqinisa. Xa ikhonkrithi yaba yenye yezona zinto zokwakha zixhaphakileyo, iifayibha ze-asbestos zasetyenziswa njengokuqinisa.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko amashumi eminyaka ayeqhubeka, abantu baqala ukuqonda ngakumbi ngemingcipheko yempilo ye-asbestos kunye nendlela ebangela ngayo umhlaza. Ngexesha lee-1960, endaweni ye-asbestos, ezinye iifayibha ezifana nentsimbi neglasi zafumana udumo.
Iyintoni impembelelo yeeFiber kwiConcrete?
Ukongeza iifayibha kwikhonkrithi kubangela iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Ubukhulu bezi mpawu buyahluka ngokusekelwe kwiifayibha ezithile ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukuphuculwa komthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nenani leefayibha zokuqinisa ngokunxulumene nomthamo uwonke, obizwa ngokuba yi-volume fraction, kunye nomlinganiselo we-aspect, ofunyenwe ngokwahlula ubude befayibha ngobubanzi befayibha ekuthethwa ngayo.
Iifayibha ngokubanzi zisebenza injongo ephambili yokunciphisa ukuqhekeka kwikhonkrithi ngokuphucula amandla ayo okugoba. Ukuqhekeka kwikhonkrithi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi. Ukuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi kunokwenzeka ngezizathu ezininzi, ezifana nokuqhekeka kokomisa kunye nokuqhekeka kweplastiki.
Kwakhona, iifayibha zinciphisa ukungena kwekhonkrithi, zisusa amathuba okuvuza kwamanzi kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi.
Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha?
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-composites zekhonkrithi eziqiniswe ngefayibha ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
Ikhonkrithi eQinisekisiweyo yeFiber yeNtsimbi
Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi yenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ze-FRC. Ukongeza iifayibha zentsimbi eqinisiweyo kwikhonkrithi, nokuba zincinci, kukhokelela ekuphuculeni okukhulu kwiimpawu zekhonkrithi.
Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezineemfuno ezinkulu zekhonkrithi ezifana neebhulorho, umgangatho, iitonela, ukumbiwa kwemigodi, ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili, njl.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeefayibha zentsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisa ikhonkrithi, ezifana nocingo olutsalwa ngokubandayo (Uhlobo 1), iifayibha zentsimbi ezisikiweyo (Uhlobo 2), olunyibilikisiweyo (Uhlobo 3), olusikiweyo ngokusikwa (Uhlobo 4), kunye nocingo olutsalwa ngokubandayo olulungisiweyo (Uhlobo 5).
Ikhonkrithi eQinisekisiweyo yePolypropylene Fiber (PFRC)
I-PFRC isebenzisa imicu yokwenziwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-Polypropylene fibers, uhlobo lwe-thermoplastic. Zininzi iingenelo ezahlukeneyo zokongeza i-polypropylene kwikhonkrithi, esiza kuxoxa ngazo kwicandelo elilandelayo.
I-Polypropylene ineempawu ezininzi ezifanayo ne-polythene, ineempawu eziphuculweyo zokuqina, amandla okugoba, kunye nokumelana nobushushu okuphezulu.
Ukongeza, le fiber inokumelana okuphezulu neekhemikhali ezifana nee-asidi kunye nezinyibilikisi ze-organic, kwaye inika iipropati ezifanayo kwikhonkrithi.
Ikhonkrithi eQinisekisiweyo yeFayibha yeGlasi (GFRC)
Umxube wekhonkrithi oqiniswe ngefayibha yeglasi uquka amasuntswana amaninzi amancinci eglasi. Ezi zinto ziyenza njani ikhonkrithi ibe namandla ngakumbi?
Nangona iglasi enkulu ithambile, i-fiber yeglasi inamandla aphezulu kakhulu okwakhiwa. Ukongeza kolu qina, ii-fiber zizinto ezingabizi kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza umxube wokugqibela wekhonkrithi ube nexabiso eliphantsi kunezinye izinto ezifana nekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ye-fiber yentsimbi.
Iifayibha ezifanayo ezongezwa kwiplastiki ziphumela kwi-fiberglass composite material eneempawu ezintle zokuqina kokuxinana.
Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yePolyester Fiber
Iifayibha zePolyester zekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ngefayibha ziyafumaneka njengeefayibha ezincinci kunye neefayibha ezinkulu. Iifayibha zePolyester zinegalelo ekuphuculeni ukuqhekeka kolu hlobo lwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ngefayibha.
Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yepolyester inokuqina okukhulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wesakhiwo. Ukuqina kwayo okuphuculweyo kwenza olu hlobo lwekhonkrithi lufaneleke kakhulu kwiiplanga zemizi-mveliso, iiplanga zokugcina impahla, izakhiwo ezilungisiweyo kwangaphambili, ii-overlays, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo zorhwebo.
Ikhonkrithi eQinisekisiweyo yeCarbon Fiber
Ngaba wakha weva ngentsimbi ye-carbon fiber? Le ngcamango iyafana nekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ye-carbon fiber.
Nangona ukongeza i-carbon fiber kwikhonkrithi kuyinkqubo enzima ngakumbi kunokongeza isamente okanye iglasi, ikhonkrithi ephumayo inokuqina okuphezulu namandla. Nangona kunjalo, xa iqinile kakhulu, ikhonkrithi iba buthathaka ngakumbi (njengentsimbi yekhabhoni).
I-Macro Synthetic Fiber Ikhonkrithi Eqinisiweyo
Ukusebenzisa iifayibha ezinkulu ezenziweyo kwikhonkrithi kwavela njengendlela yokutshintsha indawo yokuqinisa intsimbi. Kaloku, ukuqinisa intsimbi kunokuba longezo olubizayo kwikhonkrithi.
Njengoko isetyenziswa kakhulu, iifayibha ezinkulu ezenziweyo zaba yinto engaphezulu nje kwendlela eyahlukileyo. Ezi fayibha zinezicelo ezininzi zazo, ingakumbi kwizakhiwo ezixhaswa ngumhlaba.
Ukuqina kwentsimbi kunokubola kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu, ezifana neendawo zaselwandle, kwaye iifayibha zeglasi zisengozini yokuqhekeka. Iifayibha ze-macro synthetic zibonelela ngokumelana okuphezulu kwezi zinto, ngoko ke ziyongezwa kakhulu kwikhonkrithi kwezi ndawo.
Ikhonkrithi eQinisekisiweyo yeFiber yendalo
Iifayibha zendalo zivela kwizityalo, kwizilwanyana, nakwiminerali zendalo. Njengoko besitshilo kwicandelo malunga nembali ye-FRC, iifayibha zendalo bezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokwakha ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.
Nokuba ikhonkrithi isetyenziswa phi, kuya kubakho ubuninzi beefayibha zendalo ezikhoyo. Ezi fayibha zikwanceda ekunciphiseni iindleko zokwenza i-FRC.
Ezinye iifayibha zendalo ziquka umqhaphu, umququ, umthi, kunye neenkozo.
Zithini iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Ukongeza iifayibha ezahlukeneyo kwikhonkrithi kuzisa iingenelo ezahlukeneyo. Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ngefayibha ihlelwa ngokwefayibha eyongeziweyo. Iingenelo ezithile zeFRC ziya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lweFRC esetyenzisiweyo.
Ngokubanzi, nazi iingenelo ezinxulumene nezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha:
Ukuqinisa iFayibha yeGlasi
Ukuqinisa ifayibha yeglasi kwandisa amandla olwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi ngaphandle kokunyusa iindleko kakhulu. Iglasi yenye yezona zinto zefayibha zingabizi kakhulu.
Olu hlobo lokuqinisa lusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ubuhle besakhiwo sekhonkrithi. Iifayibha ezimfutshane ezicacileyo zinokubonakala kwisakhiwo sekhonkrithi emva kokuba yomile.
Le ndlela yokuqinisa yongeza amandla okutsalwa kuzo zonke iindawo, ngokungafaniyo nokuqinisa kwendabuko okusebenzisa imivalo yentsimbi, apho amandla okutsalwa alinganiselwe kwicala lemivalo.
Ukuqinisa iFiber yeNsimbi
Intsimbi inika amandla aphezulu okwakha kwikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha.
Ngokongeza imicu yentsimbi, ikhonkrithi ayifuni ukuqinisa imivalo yentsimbi.
Iifayibha zivelisa ukumelana okukhulu kwempembelelo nxamnye neempembelelo kunye nokukrazulwa.
Ukumelana nokunyibilika okuphuculweyo kunye nezinye iimpawu zobushushu besakhiwo.
Inciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka ngokunciphisa ububanzi bemifantu.
Iifayibha zePolypropylene kunye nokuQinisekiswa kweKhonkrithi yeNylon
Inika amandla okupompa ikhonkrithi kumgama omde ngokwandisa iipropati zokudibanisa.
Iphucula iimpawu zobushushu (umz., ukumelana nokunyibilika).
Iphucula ukuguguleka kwekhonkrithi kwaye inciphisa ukuqhekeka kwayo.
Xa kutsha, izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezineefayibha zepolypropylene kunye neefayibha zenylon ziyamelana nokuqhekeka okuqhumayo.
Iziphumo zokumelana nempembelelo ephezulu kunye nokumelana nokukrala.
Zithini izicelo zeFiber Reinforced Concrete?
Uhlobo lwe-FRC olusetyenziswayo lunokwahluka ngokusekwe kwiprojekthi ethile yokwakha. Ngokubanzi, uninzi lweeprojekthi zobunjineli bokwakha zisebenzisa i-FRC. Umzekelo::
Iindonga
Umgangatho
Amadama
Iindlela zeenqwelo moya
Iindlela
Imibhobho yesamente
Iibhulorho
Imigangatho yendlu yokugcina impahla
Imingxunya
Iitonela
Iindlela zokuhamba
Ungayifumana njani iFiber Reinforced Concrete?
Njengoko usazi ngoku, ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha ayisiyonto inye kuphela. Kukho iikhonkrithi ezahlukeneyo ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisa ezibangela iipropati ezithile eziphuculweyo.
Kukho imicu yentsimbi enamandla aphezulu ekhulisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo se-manifold yekhonkrithi. Kwakhona, iglasi kunye nezinto ezenziwe nge-fiber zinika amandla aphakathi kodwa ngexabiso eliphantsi.
NguDaniel Arkin
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-07-2023