Emva kwehlobo elishushu lika-2021 elineqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, i-northern hemisphere ibangele ubusika obubandayo, kwaye ikhephu likhephu kakhulu, nakwintlango yaseSahara, enye yezona ndawo zishushu emhlabeni. Kwelinye icala, i-southern hemisphere ibangele ubushushu obushushu, apho amaqondo obushushu afikelela kuma-50°C eNtshona ye-Australia, kwaye ii-icebergs ezinkulu e-Antarctica zinyibilikile. Ngoko ke kwenzeke ntoni emhlabeni? Kutheni izazinzulu zisithi ukupheliswa kwesithandathu kwenani lezinto eziphilayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke?
Njengeyona ntlango inkulu emhlabeni, imozulu yeNtlango yaseSahara yomile kakhulu kwaye ishushu. Isiqingatha salo mmandla sifumana imvula engaphantsi kwama-25mm ngonyaka, kwaye ezinye iindawo azifumani mvula kangangeminyaka eliqela. Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bonyaka kulo mmandla bufikelela kuma-30 ℃, kwaye ubushushu obuqhelekileyo behlobo bunokudlula ama-40 ℃ kwiinyanga ezininzi ezilandelelanayo, kwaye ubushushu obuphezulu oburekhodiweyo bufikelela kuma-58 ℃.
Kodwa kummandla oshushu kakhulu nowomileyo kangaka, ikhephu alizange likhephuke kakhulu ebusika. Idolophu encinci yaseAin Sefra, ekumantla eNtlango yeSahara, ikhephu likhephu ngoJanuwari kulo nyaka. Ikhephu ligubungele intlango yegolide. Le mibala mibini yayixubene, kwaye imeko yayingaqhelekanga.
Xa ikhephu lana, ubushushu edolophini behla buye kwi -2°C, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kancinci kuneqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo ebusika bangaphambili. Idolophu yayikhephu kane kwiminyaka engama-42 ngaphambi koko, eyokuqala yayingowe-1979 kwaye emithathu yokugqibela kwiminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo.
Ikhephu entlango linqabile kakhulu, nangona intlango ibanda kakhulu ebusika kwaye ubushushu bunokwehla bufikelele ngaphantsi kwe-zero, kodwa intlango yomile kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo akukho manzi aneleyo emoyeni, kwaye akukho mvula nekhephu zininzi kakhulu. Ikhephu eliwela kwiNtlango yaseSahara likhumbuza abantu ngotshintsho lwemozulu lwehlabathi.
Isazinzulu semozulu saseRashiya uRoman Vilfan uthe ikhephu liwela kwintlango yaseSahara, amaza abandayo eMntla Melika, imozulu efudumeleyo kakhulu eRashiya naseYurophu, kunye nemvula enkulu ebangele izikhukula eNtshona Yurophu. Ukwenzeka kwezi mozulu zingaqhelekanga kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi, kwaye isizathu sako kukutshintsha kwemozulu okubangelwa kukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi ngoku, impembelelo yokufudumala kwehlabathi ingabonakala ngokuthe ngqo. Ngelixa i-hemisphere esemantla yayisajongene ne-cold wave, i-hemisphere esemazantsi ijongene ne-high wave, apho amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwama-40°C kwiindawo ezininzi zaseMzantsi Melika. Idolophu yase-Onslow eNtshona Ostreliya irekhode amaqondo obushushu aphezulu angama-50.7°C, yaphula irekhodi lamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi.
Ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi bunxulumene nesiphumo se-thermal dome. Kwihlobo elishushu, elomileyo nelingenamoya, umoya ofudumeleyo ophuma emhlabeni awunakusasaza, kodwa ucinezelwa emhlabeni luxinzelelo oluphezulu lomoya womhlaba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umoya ube shushu ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo eMntla Melika ngo-2021 bukwabangelwa sisiphumo se-thermal dome.
Kwincopho esemazantsi omhlaba, imeko ayithembisi. Ngo-2017, intaba-mkhenkce enkulu enenombolo ye-A-68 yaphuka kwishelufu yomkhenkce yaseLarsen-C e-Antarctica. Ummandla wayo ungafikelela kwiikhilomitha zesikwere ezingama-5,800, ezikufutshane nommandla waseShanghai.
Emva kokuba i-iceberg iqhekekile, ibisoloko ishukuma kuLwandlekazi oluseMzantsi. Ishukume umgama weekhilomitha ezingama-4,000 kunyaka onesiqingatha. Ngeli xesha, i-iceberg yaqhubeka nokunyibilika, ikhupha iitoni ezingama-152 eebhiliyoni zamanzi acocekileyo, okulingana nomthamo wokugcina amanzi angama-10,600 eWest Lakes.
Ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi, ukunyibilika kweendawo ezisemantla nasezantsi, ezivalelwe ngamanzi amaninzi acocekileyo, kuyakhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanqanaba olwandle aqhubeke enyuka. Ayikokuphela koko, kodwa ukufudumala kwamanzi olwandle kukwabangela ukwanda kobushushu, okwenza ulwandle lube lukhulu. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba amanqanaba olwandle lwehlabathi ngoku aphezulu ngeesentimitha ezili-16 ukuya kwezingama-21 kunokuba ayenjalo kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo, kwaye okwangoku anyuka ngesantya seemilimitha ezi-3.6 ngonyaka. Njengoko amanqanaba olwandle eqhubeka enyuka, aya kuqhubeka etshabalalisa iziqithi kunye neendawo ezikunxweme ezisezantsi, esongela ukusinda kwabantu apho.
Imisebenzi yabantu ayingeni nje kuphela ekungeneni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ekutshabalaliseni iindawo zokuhlala zezilwanyana nezityalo kwindalo, kodwa ikwakhupha isixa esikhulu se-carbon dioxide, i-methane kunye nezinye iigesi ze-greenhouse, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubushushu behlabathi bunyuke, nto leyo ebangela utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nemozulu embi kakhulu.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga nezigidi ezili-10 zeentlobo eziphilayo eMhlabeni ngoku. Kodwa kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, iintlobo ezifikelela kuma-200,000 ziye zaphela. Uphando lubonisa ukuba izinga langoku lokuphela kweentlobo emhlabeni likhawuleza kunezinga eliqhelekileyo kwimbali yomhlaba, kwaye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ukupheliswa kwesithandathu kweentlobo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke.
Kwiminyaka engamakhulu ezigidi edlulileyo emhlabeni, kuye kwenzeka iziganeko ezininzi zokuphela kweentlobo, ezinkulu nezincinci, kuquka iziganeko ezintlanu ezinzima kakhulu zokuphela kweentlobo, nto leyo ebangele ukuba uninzi lweentlobo zinyamalale emhlabeni. Izizathu zeziganeko zokuphela kweentlobo zangaphambili zivela kwindalo, kwaye eyesithandathu kukholelwa ukuba yimbangela yabantu. Uluntu kufuneka luthathe amanyathelo ukuba asifuni ukuphela njengoko ama-99% eentlobo zoMhlaba zakha zenza.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-12-2022