Izinto ezingabunjiwe ezingafuthwa ebusweni bokusebenza ngomoya osheshayo futhi zifakwe ebusweni bokusebenza zibizwa ngokuthi izinto zokujova ezingabunjiwe. Ngokomthetho, noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto eziphothwayo noma uhlobo lwezinto ezizigelezela ngokwazo kanye nezinto zokupompa zingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokufutha ezomile noma izinto zokufutha ezimanzi, zidinga kuphela ukulungisa usayizi wezinhlayiya zazo kanye nohlobo kanye nenani lezithasiselo. Izinto zokuqhumisa ezingabunjiwe luhlobo lwezinto ezingabunjiwe ezingabunjiwe, okuwuhlobo olusha lwezinto ezingabunjiwe ezinokugeleza okuhle ngemva kokufaka amanzi nokuxuba ngaphandle kokudubula nokwakha ingcindezi. Isakhiwo salo sokwakha sinamajoyinti ambalwa, ubuqotho obuqinile, ukungabi nomoya okuhle, futhi singagwema ukungena kwempuphu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yendabuko engabunjiwe, izinto ezingabunjiwe zejethi zinezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Kulula ukubambelela futhi kungavimbela ngempumelelo udonga ukuthi lungaphumi.
(2) Ukwakhiwa kulula, amandla abasebenzi aphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokwakha ngamatshe kuphezulu, futhi imishini yokwakha isithando somlilo ingatholakala.
(3) Isikhathi sokulethwa sifushane, futhi isitokwe kanye nezindleko kungancishiswa ngokufanele.
Izinto zokuqhumisa ezikhipha umoya zisetshenziswa kabanzi, okuyinto elula ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ngokugcwele. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezakha le nto zibizwa ngokuthi i-refractory aggregate, kanti izinto ezikhipha umoya zibizwa ngokuthi i-admixture (impuphu ekhipha umoya noma i-fine powder), kanye nezihlanganisi kanye nezithasiselo.
1. Indlela yokwakha yezinto ezifuthwe ngokunganaki
Ngokwesimo sezinto ezifuthwe emzimbeni wendwangu (ubuso obusebenzayo), zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: indlela yokufaka izinto ezibandayo kanye nendlela yokufaka izinto ezincibilikisiwe noma ezincibilikisiwe kancane. Lokhu kokugcina kuhlanganisa izindlela ezilandelayo.
Indlela yokufutha ilangabi: Izinto zifuthwa phezu kolwelwesi olusebenzayo ngelangabi legesi le-propane. Ngesikhathi sokufutha, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu, izinto zisesimweni sokuncibilika noma sokuncibilika kancane, zifuthwa ngqo phezu kolwelwesi olushisa kakhulu, bese zinamathela ebusweni bolwelwesi. Esikhathini esidlule, zazisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ulwelwesi lwesithando, kodwa azisasetshenziswa njalo.
Indlela yokufutha nge-plasma: Izinto ezifuthwayo zisesimweni se-ionic, esingavamile ukusetshenziswa ezintweni eziphikisayo.
Indlela yokufafaza i-slag: njengokufafaza i-slag yesiguquli ukuvikela isithando somlilo, ingxube yezinto eziphikisayo kanye ne-slag iyapheshulwa bese ifafazwa ebusweni besiguquli ngokusebenzisa i-lance ye-oxygen enomfutho ophezulu. Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokuthuthukisa impilo ye-lining yesiguquli.
Indlela yokuqala yokufafaza isetshenziswa kakhulu, ehlanganisa indlela yokufafaza eyomile kanye nendlela yokufafaza emanzi.
Indlela yokujikijela okomile: Inqubo yokusebenza kwedivayisi yokujikijela okomile. Izinto ezomile zingena esigubhuni sendwangu esijikelezayo sisuka esigungwini. Isigubhu sendwangu sijikeleza nge-engeli ethile. Imbobo ephezulu kanye nomzila womoya we-compressor kuthuthwa kuye eduze kwe-nozzle ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namanzi. Ngemva kokuba izinto zixutshwe namanzi esigungwini, zifuthwa ziye elangeni lokusebenza. Iningi lezinto ezikhishiwe linamathela elangeni lokusebenza, bese ingxenye yalo ijikajika bese iwela phansi. Inani lezinto ezilahlekile yi-rebound libaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-refractory ekhishiwe. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokubuyela emuva lisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwe-adsorption yezinto ezikhishiwe. Uma izinga lokubuyela emuva liphansi, kungcono. Kunezici eziningi ezithinta izinga lokubuyela emuva: ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi inani lamanzi, ingcindezi yomoya kanye nomthamo womoya.
Indlela yokufutha emanzi iyindlela lapho okuthuthwayo okunoketshezi oluhle kupompelwa khona embotsheni ngokusebenzisa ipayipi, bese kufuthwa phezu kolwelwesi olusebenzayo ngokugeleza komoya okucindezelayo okuphezulu embotsheni. Le nqubo inezigaba ezine eziyinhloko: ukuxuba, ukupompa, ukufutha kanye nokuqinisa. Inqubo yokuxuba nokupompa ayihlukile kakhulu ezintweni ezithuthwayo ezivamile kanye nezinto zokupompa, ezidinga ukuxuba okufanayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokupompa.
Esikhathini esidlule, ukwakhiwa kwesifutho kwakusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulungisa ama-lining esithando, kuyilapho ukufutha okumanzi kungasetshenziswa ngqo kuma-lining. Kungasetshenziswa ngqo ukukhiqiza ama-lining e-ladle kanye nama-lining esithando sama-furnace ahlukahlukene. Izinzuzo zako inqubo elula, akukho template, izindleko eziphansi kanye nesivinini esikhulu.
2. Izinto ezidinga ukunakwa endleleni yokufafaza
(1) Izinto ezilandelayo kufanele ziqashelwe lapho kusetshenziswa indlela yokufutha eyomile:
Inani lamanzi engeziwe kufanele lifaneleke: uma inani lamanzi engeziwe lincane kakhulu, izinto ngeke zimanziswe kahle, futhi izinto ezomile zizophinde zibuyele emuva kalula; uma inani lamanzi engeziwe likhulu kakhulu, ungqimba olwakhiwe ngokufafaza luvame ukugeleza, okunciphisa namandla okumunca.
Umfutho womoya kanye nomthamo womoya wesifutho kufanele kube ofanele: uma inhlayiya inkulu kakhulu, umthelela wezinhlayiya ebusweni besifutho mkhulu kakhulu, futhi kulula ukuphinda ubuye; uma incane kakhulu, into ayinamatheli ngokwanele ezintweni futhi kulula ukuyiwa.
Ibanga kanye ne-engeli phakathi komlomo wesibhamu sokufutha kanye nendawo efuthiwe kufanele kube okufanele: gwema amandla okufutha izinto endaweni efuthiwe ngoba inkulu kakhulu noma incane kakhulu. Isibhamu sokufutha kufanele sithuthelwe phezulu naphansi, kwesobunxele nakwesokudla ukuqinisekisa ukujiya okufanayo kwesendlalelo esifuthiwe.
Ubukhulu bokufafaza ngakunye akufanele bube bukhulu kakhulu: bube bukhulu kakhulu kulula ukubususa, ngokuvamile bungadluli ku-50mm.
Lawula ipulasitiki kanye nokujiya kwezinto: izinto zingamuncwa kahle embozweni wokufutha, futhi zingaqina ngokushesha ukuze kutholakale amandla athile.
(2) Kunezici eziningi ezithinta indlela ye-wet jet. Eziyinhloko yilezi ezilandelayo:
Ukwakheka kwezinto zokufutha Okokuqala, kufanele kube nokwakheka kosayizi wezinhlayiya okufanelekile, isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwe-matrix kanye nokuqukethwe komswakama. Ngokusebenzisana okufanele, ingxenye ye-matrix inganamathela kangcono ebusweni bezinhlayiya. Ingqimba yokunamathela akufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu noma ibe mncane kakhulu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinhlayiya zingaba ne-plasticity enhle futhi zinamathele kungqimba lwezinto lapho zifuthwa kungqimba lwezinto. Ama-flocculant asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-sodium aluminate, i-sodium silicate, i-polysodium chloride, i-calcium chloride, i-aluminium sulfate, i-potassium calcium sulfate, njll.
Uma ingcindezi yejethi kanye nesivinini somoya wejethi kuncane kakhulu, izinhlayiya ngeke zinamathele kahle ezintweni, futhi uma zikhulu kakhulu, zizophinde zibuyele emuva kalula.
Ibanga kanye ne-engeli phakathi kwesibhamu sokufutha kanye nomzimba ofuthwayo kunethonya elithile esilinganisweni sokunamathela kwesendlalelo sezinto.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-15-2022