Ama-refractories okushisa abhekisela kuma-refractories ane-porosity ephezulu, ukuminyana okuphansi kwe-bulk, kanye ne-conductivity ephansi yokushisa, eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-refractories alula. Kubandakanya imikhiqizo yokungaguquguquki yokushisa, imicu yokungaguquguquki, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-fiber yokungaguquguquki. Ngokusho kokushisa kokusetshenziswa: izinto zokungaguquguquki zokushisa eziphansi, izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa liphansi kuno-900 ℃, njengezitini zokufaka i-diatomite, imikhiqizo ye-silica enwetshiwe, amabhodi e-calcium e-silica, imikhiqizo ye-perlite enwetshiwe, njll.; ama-refractories okushisa okuphakathi, sebenzisa izinga lokushisa elingu-900 ~ 1200℃, njengezitini zokungaguquguquki zokushisa zobumba, i-aluminium silicate fiber yokungaguquguquki, njll.; Izinto zokushisa eziphakeme zokushisa ezivimbela ukushisa, izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa lingaphezu kuka-1200℃, njengezitini ezivimbela ukushisa eziphezulu ze-aluminium, izitini ezivimbela ukushisa ze-alumina, izitini ezivimbela ukushisa ze-siliceous, izitini zebhola ezingenalutho ze-alumina, izitini zebhola ezingenalutho ze-zirconia, i-fiber ephezulu ye-alumina, i-fiber evimbela ukushisa ye-polycrystalline (i-fiber ye-alumina ye-polycrystalline, i-fiber ye-zirconia ye-polycrystalline, i-fiber ye-mullite ye-polycrystalline), njll.
Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela ukushisa kusebenzisa kakhulu izindlela zenqubo ezingakha isakhiwo esinezimbobo, njengendlela yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezilula, indlela yokusha, indlela ye-foam, kanye nendlela yamakhemikhali. Imicu yokuvikela engapheli, njengemicu yokuvikela e-aluminium silicate, imicu yokuvikela e-alumina ephezulu, njll., ivame ukukhiqizwa ngokuncibilika. Imicu yokuvikela ephindaphindayo ye-polycrystalline, njengemicu ye-mullite, imicu ye-alumina, njll., ikhiqizwa ngendlela ye-colloid.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-insulatory refractories yi-porosity ephezulu, ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-45%; ukuminyana okuphansi kwe-bulk, ngokuvamile okungadluli ku-1.5g/cm3; i-thermal conductivity ephansi, ikakhulukazi ingaphansi kuka-1.0W/(m·K). Isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-thermal insulation yezitofu zezimboni, ayikwazi nje ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa kwesitofu, kodwa futhi inciphise isitoreji sokushisa sesitofu, ithole umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokonga amandla, futhi inciphise isisindo semishini yokushisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitini ezivamile ze-refractory, i-heat-insulation refractories inokumelana nokugqwala kwe-slag okubi, amandla omshini, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ngakho-ke, ayifanele isakhiwo se-holn esithwala umthwalo kanye nezingxenye ezithintana ngqo ne-slag, ishaja, insimbi encibilikisiwe, njll.
Indlela yokuhlela imikhiqizo yokuvikela ukufudumala
Imikhiqizo yokuvimbela ukushisa ibhekisela emikhiqizweni yokuvimbela ukushisa enezimbobo ezingaphansi kuka-45%. Izici eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo yokuvimbela ukushisa yizimbobo eziphezulu kanye nobuningi obuphansi bevolumu. Ukuqhuba ukushisa kuphansi, amandla okushisa mancane, futhi ukusebenza kokuvimbela ukushisa kuhle. Kugcina ukushisa futhi kumelana nokushisa. Kungasetshenziswa njengesendlalelo sokuvimbela ukushisa semishini ehlukahlukene yokushisa, kanti eminye ingasetshenziswa njengesendlalelo sokusebenza. Kuyizinto ezonga amandla zokwakha ama-oven ahlukahlukene. Ukufaka imikhiqizo yokuvimbela ukushisa esikhundleni semikhiqizo evamile yokuvimbela ukushisa njengezinto zokwakha zesithando kunganciphisa ukugcinwa kokushisa kanye nokulahlekelwa ukushabalaliswa kokushisa ngo-40% kuya ku-50%, ikakhulukazi emishinini yokushisa engaqhubeki.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yokushisa nokushisa, ngokuvamile ehlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu ngokuya ngokushisa kokusetshenziswa, ubuningi bomkhiqizo, kanye nesimo somkhiqizo.
(1) Zihlukaniswa ngobuningi bomzimba. Lezo ezinobukhulu obungu-0.4 ~ 1.3g/cm3 ziyizitini ezilula; lezo ezinobukhulu obungaphansi kuka-0.4g/cm3 ziyizitini ezilula kakhulu.
(2) Kuhlukaniswe ngokushisa okusebenzayo. Sebenzisa izinga lokushisa elingu-600~900℃ ezintweni zokuvikela ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa; 900~120℃ ezintweni zokuvikela ezisezingeni eliphakathi lokushisa; ngaphezu kuka-1200℃ ezintweni zokuvikela ezisezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa.
(3) Kuhlukaniswa ngesimo somkhiqizo: esinye yizitini ezikhazimulayo ezibunjwe ngendlela elula, okuhlanganisa ubumba, i-alumina ephezulu, i-silicon, kanye nezinye izitini ezikhazimulayo ezibunjwe ngendlela emsulwa; esinye yizitini ezikhazimulayo ezingabunjwa ngendlela elula, njengekhonkrithi ekhazimulayo ebunjwe ngendlela elula.
Indlela yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo evimbela ukushisa ihlukile kweyezinto ezivamile ezixineneyo. Kunezindlela eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezifaka phakathi indlela yokushisa, indlela ye-foam, indlela yamakhemikhali, kanye nendlela yezinto ezinezimbobo.
1) Indlela yokushisa nokwengeza izinto. Ibizwa nangokuthi indlela yokwengeza izinto ezivuthayo. Faka izinto ezivuthayo okulula ukuzishisa, njengelahle, uthuli lwesarha, njll., odakeni lokwenza izitini ukuze umkhiqizo ube nezimbobo ezithile ngemva kokudubula.
2) Indlela yokucwilisa. Faka izinto zokwenza amagwebu, njengensipho ye-rosin, njll. ebumbeni lokwenza izitini, bese ulwenza lube yigwebu ngendlela yomshini. Ngemva kokushisa, kutholakala umkhiqizo onezimbobo.
3) Indlela yamakhemikhali. Kusetshenziswa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungakhiqiza igesi ngendlela efanele, umkhiqizo onezimbobo utholakala enkambisweni yokwenza izitini, ngokuvamile i-dolomite noma i-periclase kanye ne-gypsum, kanye ne-sulfuric acid njenge-ejenti yokwenza igwebu.
4) Indlela yezinto ezimbozwayo. Sebenzisa umhlaba we-diatomaceous wemvelo noma i-foam yobumba yokwenziwa, ama-sphere angenalutho e-alumina noma e-zirconia, kanye nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimbozwayo ukwenza izitini ezilula ezimelana nokukhanya.
Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yokuvikela ukushisa ene-conductivity ephansi yokushisa kanye nomthamo omncane wokushisa njengezinto zokwakha umzimba wesithando kungonga ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli; kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza imishini; kunganciphisa nesisindo somzimba wesithando, kube lula ukwakheka kwesithando, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi kunciphise izinga lokushisa elizungezile. Kuthuthukise izimo zokusebenza. Imikhiqizo yokuvikela ukushisa isetshenziswa kakhulu njengengqimba yokuvikela ukushisa, ungqimba lwendwangu noma ungqimba lokuvikela isithando.
1. Izitini ezivimbela ukuvuvukala kwe-Alumina
Izitini ezivimbela ukushisa ze-Alumina zisebenzisa i-fused corundum, i-sintered alumina, kanye ne-industrial alumina njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zokwenza imikhiqizo evimbela ukushisa enokumelana okunamandla kwe-asidi kanye nomoya we-alkali kanye nokumelana nokunciphisa, kanye nokumelana okuhle nokushaqeka kokushisa. Ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kuka-1700℃. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza isebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zendlela ye-foam kanye nendlela yokwengeza yokushisa. Imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa yindlela ye-foam inezici zesakhiwo esifanayo, ukuqhuba okuphansi kokushisa, kanye nokusebenza okuhle kokushisa.
Izitini ezivikela ukushisa ze-Alumina zilula, zinamandla aphezulu okucindezela, zisebenza kahle ekushiseni, zincipha kancane ngemva kokushisa kabusha, futhi ziyakwazi ukumelana kahle nokushaqeka kokushisa. Zingasetshenziswa ezingqimbeni zokuvimbela ukushisa zemishini yokushisa ephezulu noma izitofu ezisebenzisana ngqo namalangabi. Futhi zisebenza kahle ngemishini yokushisa enembile, kodwa azifanele indawo yokugqwala ethinta ngqo uketshezi lwesithando kanye ne-slag encibilikisiwe. Futhi zinokuqina okuphezulu uma zisetshenziswa emoyeni onciphisayo. Izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa lincike ekuhlanzekeni komkhiqizo, ngokuvamile kufika ku-1650 ~ 1800°C. Bheka Ithebula 3-105 ukuze uthole izinkomba ezijwayelekile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zemikhiqizo enjalo.
2. Izitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-aluminium
Izitini ezivikela ukushisa ezine-aluminium ephezulu ziyimikhiqizo evimbela ukushisa enezinga eliphansi kune-48% eyenziwe ngezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa. Izitini ezivimbela ukushisa ezine-aluminium ephezulu zenziwe kakhulu nge-bauxite njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, zihlanganiswe nobumba njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, zixutshwe nezihlanganisi kanye nothuli lwesawdust. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza komkhiqizo, kunezelwa i-alumina yezimboni, i-corundum, i-sillimanite, i-kyanite, ne-silica. Impuphu ecolekileyo ingenziwa ibe yimikhiqizo enobukhulu obuhlukene kanye namazinga okushisa ahlukene okusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa lingu-1250~1350℃, kanti ezinye zingafinyelela ku-1550℃.
Izitini zokuvikela ukushisa ezine-aluminium ephezulu zikhiqizwa kakhulu ngendlela ye-foam, futhi ubukhulu bomkhiqizo buphakathi kuka-0.4 ~ 1.0g/cm3, futhi bungakhiqizwa ngendlela yezithasiselo zokushisa. Izikhombisi ezibonakalayo nezamakhemikhali zezitini ezivikela ukushisa ezine-aluminium ephezulu ziboniswe kuThebula 3-106.
Izitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisebenzisa i-aluminium ephezulu zingasetshenziswa ukwakha izendlalelo ezivikela ukushisa nezingxenye ezingagqwali futhi ezingakhuhlwanga ngezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe ezishisa kakhulu. Uma zithintana ngqo nelangabi, izinga lokushisa lokuxhumana elingaphezulu kwezitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisebenzisa i-aluminium ephezulu akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-1350℃. Izitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisebenzisa i-mullite zingathintana ngqo nelangabi, futhi zibe nezici zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, kanye nomphumela obalulekile wokonga amandla. Zifanelekela ulwelwesi lwama-furnace e-pyrolysis, ama-furnace omoya oshisayo, ama-furnace e-ceramic roller, ama-furnace e-porcelain kagesi, kanye nama-furnace ahlukahlukene okumelana. Isitini esivikela ukushisa esisebenzisa i-corundum-mullite esinokuqukethwe kwe-Al2O3 okungu-82.4% singasetshenziswa njenge-furnace ku-1550°C.
3. Izitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisekelwe odakeni
Izitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisekelwe kubumba ziyimikhiqizo evimbela ukushisa enokuqukethwe okungu-30%-48% kwe-Al2O3 okwenziwe ngobumba oluvimbela ukushisa njengento eluhlaza eyinhloko, kusetshenziswa ubumba oluvimbela ukushisa, ubuhlalu obuntantayo, kanye ne-clinker yobumba oluvimbela ukushisa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, okunezela izihlanganisi kanye nothuli lwesawdust. Ngokuxuba, ukuxuba, ukwakha, ukomisa, kanye nokushisa, imikhiqizo enobuningi obungu-0.3 ~ 1.5g/cm3 ingatholakala, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza uhlanganisa ngaphezu kwengxenye yezitini ezivimbela ukushisa.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yezitini ezivikela ukushisa zobumba yindlela yokwengeza ukushisa ngama-floating beads, kanti nendlela ye-foam ingasetshenziswa futhi. Bheka Ithebula 3-107 ukuze uthole izinkomba ezibonakalayo zezitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisekelwe kubumba.
Izitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisekelwe odakeni zinezindlela eziningi zokusetshenziswa. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini yokushisa kanye nasezitsheni zokushisa zezimboni. Zingasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezingagqwali futhi ezingagezwanga ngezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe ezishisa kakhulu. Ezinye izindawo ezithintana ngqo nelangabi zimbozwe ngesendlalelo. Isembozo esivikela ukushisa singanciphisa ukuguguleka ngothuli lwegesi oluyi-slag kanye nesithando futhi sinciphise umonakalo. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lomkhiqizo alidluli izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lomugqa obuyayo. Isitini esivikela ukushisa sodaka singesohlobo lwezinto ezivikela ukukhanya ezinezimbobo eziningi. Le nto inezimbobo eziphakathi kuka-30% kuya ku-50%, futhi isembozo sayo sokushisa asisihle, kodwa amandla ayo okusebenza kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuhle.
4. Izitini ezivikelayo zokufakelwa kwe-silicone
Isitini esivikela ukushisa esenziwe nge-silice senziwe nge-silica njengento eluhlaza eyinhloko, kanti umkhiqizo ovimbela ukushisa one-SiO2 engaphansi kuka-91%. Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zokuvimbela ukushisa, izitini ezivimbela ukushisa ze-silicon zigcina izici zezitini ze-silicon ngezinga elikhulu. Izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokuthambisa umthwalo liphezulu, futhi ivolumu iyanda kancane ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa, okuthuthukisa ubuqotho besitofu.
Ukusebenza kwezitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisezingeni le-GGR-1.20 ezivikela ukushisa ezifakwe ezitsheni zezimboni ezichazwe ku-China Metallurgical Industry Standard YB386-1994, ubukhulu bobuningi abudluli ku-1.2g/cm3, amandla okucindezela ekamelweni angaphansi kuka-5MPa, kanti izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokuthambisa ngaphansi komthwalo ongaphansi kuka-0.1MPa alingaphansi kuka-1520℃, okuqukethwe kwe-SiO2 akungaphansi kuka-91%.
Lo mkhiqizo ufanelekela ulwelwesi lwama-oven ezimboni noma izendlalelo zokuvimbela ukushisa ezingathintani ngqo nezinto ezincibilikisiwe ezishisa kakhulu futhi ezingavezwanga ngqo kumagesi agqwalisayo. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lokwakha amatshe alidluli ku-1550°C.
Izitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisekelwe ku-silica ziyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu ngenxa yothuli lwe-silica, futhi inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunobumba kanye nezitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisebenzisa i-aluminium ephezulu, futhi ibangela ingxenye encane yomkhiqizo ophelele wezinto ezivikela ukushisa ezisebenzisa i-silica.
5. Izitini ezivikelayo zokuvimbela i-Diatomite
Isitini sokushisa se-Diatomite siwumkhiqizo ovimbela ukushisa owenziwe nge-diatomite njengento eluhlaza eyinhloko. Isitini sokushisa se-Diatomite sinezimbobo ezivaliwe kahle, izimbobo eziphakeme, ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, kodwa amandla aphansi omshini, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba manzi, amandla ancipha kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali aso okuyinhloko yi-SiO2, kulandelwe yi-Al2O3, kanye ne-iron ne-potassium. , i-Sodium, i-calcium, i-magnesium oxides kanye nokunye ukungcola.
Izikhombisi ezibonakalayo zezitini zokufaka i-diatomite ziboniswe kuThebula 3-108. Imikhiqizo yezitini zokufaka i-diatomite ayinawo amandla okumelana nokushisa, futhi ukumelana kwayo kungama-1280 ℃ kuphela, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa aliphezulu. Lingasetshenziswa kuphela kungqimba lokufaka i-insulation elingaphansi kwama-900°C.
6. Imikhiqizo ye-perlite enwetshiwe
Imikhiqizo ye-perlite enwetshiwe iyimikhiqizo yokungaguquguquki kokushisa eyenziwe nge-perlite njengengxenye eyinhloko. Imikhiqizo yokungaguquguquki eyenziwe nge-perlite enwetshiwe njenge-aggregate kanye ne-cement efanele, ingilazi yamanzi, i-phosphate, njll., ngemva kokuxuba, ukuxuba, ukwakha, ukomisa, ukuyosa noma ukupholisa. Ubuningi be-perlite enwetshiwe buncane kakhulu, ngokuvamile bungu-40 ~ 120g/cm3 kuphela; ukungaguquguquki akuphezulu, ngokuvamile kungu-1280 ~ 1360°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enezihlanganisi ezahlukene lihlukile, ngokuvamile lingaphansi kuka-1000°C.
Imikhiqizo ye-perlite enwetshiwe ihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezingu-200, 250, 300 kanye no-350kg/m34 ngokuhambisana nobuningi bemikhiqizo esezingeni likazwelonke. Ngokohlobo lwesimende esisetshenzisiwe, ihlukaniswe ngemikhiqizo ye-perlite enwetshiwe eboshwe ngesamente, imikhiqizo ye-perlite enwetshiwe eboshwe ngengilazi yamanzi, imikhiqizo ye-perlite enwetshiwe eboshwe nge-phosphate, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-perlite enwetshiwe eboshwe nge-asphalt.
7. Imikhiqizo ye-vermiculite enwetshiwe
Imikhiqizo ye-vermiculite enwetshiwe iyimikhiqizo evimbela ukushisa ene-vermiculite enwetshiwe njengento eluhlaza eyinhloko. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-vermiculite enwetshiwe kusekelwe kusayizi othile we-vermiculite enwetshiwe njenge-aggregate, enezela izingxube kanye nezihlanganisi, ixutshwe namanzi ngesilinganiso esithile, bese kwakhiwa, komiswe, kosiwe noma kuqiniswe ukuze kwakhiwe imikhiqizo yokuvikela ukushisa. Imikhiqizo enobuningi obuhlukahlukene, izingxube, kanye nezihlanganisi inamazinga okushisa ahlukene okusetshenziswa, futhi izendlalelo zokuvikela ukushisa ezingaphansi kuka-1000°C zivame ukusetshenziswa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ye-vermiculite enwetshiwe, evame ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-binder esetshenzisiwe kanye nohlobo lwe-aggregate esetshenzisiwe. Ngokusho kwe-ejenti yokubopha, ingahlukaniswa ibe yimikhiqizo ye-organic binding agent, imikhiqizo ye-inorganic binding agent kanye nemikhiqizo ye-organic and inorganic composite binding agent. Ngokusho kohlobo lwe-aggregate esetshenzisiwe, ingahlukaniswa ibe yimikhiqizo eyodwa, izingxube eziningi kanye nemikhiqizo ye-admixture.
I-vermiculite enwetshiwe inokushisa okuphansi, amandla aphansi, futhi ayikwazi ukungangenwa manzi, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe kakhulu. Uma izinto zokuqinisa ukhonkolo ezinamandla aphezulu zisetshenziswa ukubopha i-vermiculite enwetshiwe ibe umkhiqizo oqediwe, izoba namandla amakhulu kune-vermiculite enwetshiwe futhi ingamelana nomthwalo omkhulu; uma kusetshenziswa izinto zokuqinisa ukhonkolo ezingangeni manzi ukubopha i-vermiculite enwetshiwe ndawonye, Umkhiqizo ophumayo usebenza kahle ungangeni manzi futhi ungasetshenziswa lapho kunamanzi khona. Ukushisa kokhonkolo kokhonkolo kuvame ukuba phezulu kunokwe-vermiculite enwetshiwe, ngakho-ke ukungezwa kokhonkolo kwenza itshe le-oyster elinwetshiwe libe nokusetshenziswa okusha, Kodwa futhi kunciphisa umphumela wokushisa kokhonkolo kokhonkolo wokhonkolo wokhonkolo onwetshiwe.
8. Ibhodi le-calcium silicon
Ibhodi le-calcium silicate lenziwe ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous kanye ne-lime njengezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa, kanti imikhiqizo yokuvikela ukushisa eyenziwe ngokungeza i-fibre yokuqinisa ibizwa nangokuthi ibhodi le-calcium silicate kanye nebhodi le-calcium silicate elincane. Ibhodi le-calcium silicate lihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili ngokuya ngokwakheka kwalo: elilodwa liyibhodi le-calcium silicate elijwayelekile, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-CaO/SiO2 cishe kungu-0.8, ukwakheka kwamaminerali yi-tobermorite (tobermorite, 5CaO·6SiO2·5H2O); elinye liyi-calcium hard silicate, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-CaO/SiO2 cishe kungu-1.0, kanti ukwakheka kwamaminerali kuyi-calcium hard silicate.
I-calcium silicate inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengomthamo omncane, ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile, ukuqhuba okuphansi kokushisa, ukwakhiwa okulula, kanye nesilinganiso sokulahlekelwa okuphansi. Ubuningi bebhodi le-calcium silicate buchazwa kakhulu emhlabeni njengengadluli ku-220kg/m3, kanti ezinye zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezingu-33 ezingengaphezu kuka-220kg/m3, ezingadluli ku-170kg/m3, futhi ezingadluli ku-130kg/m; iShayina ihlukaniswe njengengadluli ku-240kg /cm3, ezingadluli ku-220kg/cm3, ezingadluli ku-170kg/cm3. Amandla okucindezela angaphezu kuka-0.4MPa, amandla okuguquguquka angaphezu kuka-0.2MPa; ukuqhuba okushisayo (70℃ ± 5℃) kungu-0.049 ~ 0.064W/(m·K) izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliphakeme kakhulu, kanti i-torbe mullite ingu-650℃, uhlobo lwe-calcium silicate luyi-1000℃.
Ibhodi le-calcium silicate lingasikwa noma libethelwe ngezipikili, futhi lingenziwa ngamabhodi, amabhlogo noma ama-casing. Lingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokuvimbela ukushisa zamapayipi okushisa kanye nezitofu zezimboni emandleni kagesi, embonini yamakhemikhali, ensimbi, emikhunjini, njll.; ukuvimbela umlilo nokushisa kwezakhiwo, amathuluzi kanye nemishini, Lingasetshenziswa futhi ungqimba lokuvimbela ukushisa lwepulatifomu yemoto ye-omisayo yesitofu esiphezulu kanye ne-tunnel kiln; zombili izinhlangothi zebhodi le-calcium silicate zinganamatheliswa nge-veneer yepulasitiki, i-plywood, ibhodi le-asbestos cement, njll. Lingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokuvimbela ukushisa. Iningi lezinto zobunjiniyela zokuvimbela ukushisa emhlabeni zisebenzisa ibhodi le-calcium silicate, kanti amanye amazwe asebenzisa ibhodi le-calcium silicate lokuvimbela ukushisa embonini libalelwa ku-70% kuya ku-80%.
9. Isitini Sezinhlayiya Ezintantayo (Isitini Se-Cenosphere)
Izitini ze-cenosphere ziyimikhiqizo evikela ukushisa eyenziwe ngama-cenosphere njengezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, izwe lakithi laqala ukusebenzisa ama-cenosphere omlotha ompukane ukukhiqiza izitini ezivikela ukushisa ezisekelwe odakeni. Ngenxa yenqubo elula kanye nezinsiza eziningi, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo inhle. Kusukela ngawo-1980, indlela ye-clinker enezimbobo noma ukwengeza ukushisa kwama-cenosphere omlotha ompukane kuye kwasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izitini ze-Cenosphere.
Izitini ze-cenosphere ziyizikwele eziyize zengilazi ye-aluminium silicate ezintantayo kusuka kumlotha wempukane ezivela ezitshalweni zamandla okushisa. Inesisindo esilula, udonga oluncane, indawo eyize, ebushelelezi, ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okuphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, ukumelana okuphezulu, kanye namandla aphezulu okucindezela. Kanye nokunye ukusebenza. Kusetshenziswa lezi zici ze-cenosphere, izinto zokuvimbela ukushisa ezinokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokulondolozwa kokushisa zingenziwa. Ukukhiqizwa kwezitini ze-cenosphere kungakhiwa ngendlela eyomile kancane, enenqubo elula futhi engadingi inqubo yokuqeda.
Izitini ze-cenosphere zingcono kunezinto zokuvikela ukushisa eziphakathi nendawo ezikhona ngokwamandla omshini, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuqhuba ukushisa, kanye nokusebenza kahle, futhi zifana nemicu ye-silicate. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-oven ahlukahlukene ezimbonini anokushisa okuphezulu ekushiseni okungu-1200°C ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Izitini ze-cenosphere zisetshenziswa kuma-oven ezimbonini kanye nemishini enokushisa okuphezulu embonini yensimbi, imishini, amakhemikhali, uphethiloli, izinto zokwakha, imboni yokukhanya, amandla kagesi kanye neminye imikhakha. Ngokuvamile, zingonga amandla ngo-15% kuya ku-40%. Luhlobo olusha oluhle lokuhlukanisa okulula. Izinto ezishisayo.
10. Isitini esiyindilinga esingenalutho
Isitini se-Alumina esingenalutho
Isitini se-Alumina hollow sphere siwumkhiqizo ovimbela ukushisa one-alumina hollow sphere njengezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa. Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezijwayelekile zezitini ze-alumina hollow sphere yilezi: Okuqukethwe kwe-Al2O3 akungaphansi kuka-98%, okuqukethwe kwe-SiO2 akungaphezu kuka-0.5%, okuqukethwe kwe-Fe2O3 akungaphezu kuka-0.2%, ukuminyana kwenqwaba kungu-1.3~1.4g/cm3, ukuvuleka okubonakalayo kungu-60%~80%, Amandla okucindezela angaphansi kuka-9.8MPa, izinga lokushisa lomthwalo (0.2MPa) alingaphansi kuka-1700℃, kanye nokuqhuba kokushisa kungu-0.7~0.8W/(m·K).
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa kokushisa okuvamile kanye nemikhiqizo yokungaguquguquki, isitini se-alumina esinezimbobo ezingenalutho sibonakala ngenani elikhulu lama-pores avaliwe kumkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, sinamandla aphezulu kanye nesakhiwo se-pore esizinzile, ukuminyana okuphansi kanye nokuqhuba kokushisa okuphansi. Sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseni okuphezulu okungaphansi kuka-1800℃ izitini ze-industrial kiln, njengezitini ze-kiln ze-industrial ezishisayo kakhulu ezimbonini zokungaguquguquki, ze-elekthronikhi, neze-ceramic; izendlalelo zokufakwa kokushisa zemishini yokushisa ephezulu, njengezitofu zokufaka igesi embonini ye-petrochemical, izitofu zegesi, ama-reactor ezimboni zamalahle, izitini zokufakwa kokushisa zezitofu zokungenisa embonini yensimbi.
Isitini se-B Zirconia esiyindilinga esingenalutho
Isitini se-Zirconia hollow sphere siwumkhiqizo ovimbela ukushisa owenziwe ngama-hollow sphere e-zirconia njengento eluhlaza eyinhloko. Isigaba esiyinhloko sekristalu salesi sitini yi-cubic zirconia (cishe u-70% kuya ku-80% wokwakheka kwamaminerali), futhi ukusebenza kwaso okuvamile yi-：Ukungaguquguquki kukhulu kuno-2400℃, i-porosity ebonakalayo ingu-55% ~ 60%, ubuningi bevolumu bungu-2.5 ~ 3.0g / cm3, amandla okucindezela angaphansi kuka-4.9MPa, kanti ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kungu-0.23 ~ 0.35W / (m·K).
Iziphethu ezingenalutho ze-Zirconia ziyimikhiqizo evikela ukushisa esebenza kahle kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa eliphephile lingu-2200℃. Izitini zephethu ezingenalutho ze-Zirconia zinamandla aphezulu okushisa aphezulu kanye nesakhiwo se-pore esizinzile, ngakho-ke zingasetshenziswa ngokuphephile ekushiseni okuphezulu okungu-2200℃. Izitini zebhola ezingenalutho ze-Zirconia zinobukhulu obuphansi kanye nokushisa okuphansi, okungeke nje kunciphise ukulahleka kokushisa, kodwa futhi kunciphise nokugcina ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, njengendwangu yokushisa ephezulu ethinta ngqo ilangabi emishinini yokushisa efana ne-metallurgy, i-petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali, i-electronics, njll., inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi inciphise isisindo sesithando sokushisa esiphezulu, futhi umphumela wokusetshenziswa muhle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-26-2021