I-Fly Ash Portland Cement

I-Portland Cement
Umlotha ondizayo I-Portland cement ibhekisela ekuhlanganisweni kwe-Portland cement clinker kanye ne-fly ash, kuxutshwe nenani elifanele le-gypsum bese kuba yi-ground, ebizwa nge-codenamed PF Noma yiziphi izinto zokwakha i-hydraulic cementitious ezenziwe nge-Portland cement clinker, i-fly ash kanye nenani elifanele le-gypsum ground zibizwa ngokuthi i-fly ash i-Portland cement, ebizwa nge-codenamed PF Inani le-fly ash engezwe kusimende lingu-20% ~ 40% ngobuningi, futhi izinga layo lamandla nezidingo zalo eminyakeni ngayinye ziyafana neze-slag i-Portland cement.

Impahla eluhlaza
Yenziwe nge-Portland cement clinker kanye umlotha wempukane, kuxutshwe nenani elifanele le-gypsum bese kugaywa. Ikhodi PF
Noma yiziphi izinto zokwakha ubumba ezenziwe nge-Portland cement clinker, umlotha wempukane kanye nenani elifanele lomhlabathi we-gypsum zibizwa ngokuthi umlotha wempukane i-Portland cement, ebizwa ngokuthi i-PF. Inani lomlotha wempukane ongezwe kusimende lingu-20% kuya ku-40% ngobuningi. Kuvunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza ku-granulated blast furnace slag engadluli ku-1/3 yenani eliphelele lezinto ezixubile. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani eliphelele lezinto ezixubile lingafinyelela ku-50%, kodwa inani lomlotha wempukane akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-20% noma ngaphezulu kuka-40%.
Izici
Isakhiwo sikasimende womlotha ompukane siminyene kakhulu, indawo yangaphakathi ethile incane, futhi amandla okumunca amanzi mancane kakhulu, futhi isidingo samanzi sokumunca usimende sincane, ngakho-ke ukuncishiswa okomile kwesimende womlotha ompukane kuncane, kanti ukumelana nokuqhekeka nakho kuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufana nesikamende esijwayelekile esixutshwe nezingxube ezisebenzayo, sinokushisa okuphansi kokumunca kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okunamandla.
Ukusebenza
Izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ze-fly ash Portland cement yilezi ezilandelayo:
(1) Amandla okuqala aphansi, kanti izinga lokukhula kwamandla okuphuzile likhulu: amandla okuqala esimende somlotha ophuzile aphansi, kanti amandla okuqala ancipha kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe komlotha ophuzile. Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba we-vitreous kumlotha ophuzile uzinzile kakhulu, izinhlayiya zomlotha ophuzi ziyaguguleka futhi zibhujiswe kancane yi-Ca(OH)2 ngesikhathi senqubo yokumanzisa kwesimende somlotha ophuzile, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kwesimende somlotha ophuzile kubonakala kakhulu esigabeni sakamuva. , izinga lokukhula kwamandla aso okuphuzile likhulu, futhi lingadlula ngisho namandla okuphuzi kwesimende sePortland esihambisanayo.
(2) Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuncibilika okuncane okomile: Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lezinhlayiya zomlotha ompukane zivaliwe futhi ziqinile ziyindilinga, kanti indawo yangaphakathi kanye namanzi okumuncwa kwe-molecule eyodwa kuncane, usimende womlotha ompukane unamandla okusebenza kahle kanye nokuncibilika okuncane okomile. , unezici zamandla aphezulu okudonseka kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuqhekeka. Lokhu kuyinzuzo ecacile yesimende somlotha ompukane.
(3) Ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala: usimende womlotha wempukane unokumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala emanzini ahlanzekile kanye ne-sulfate. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwe-SiO2 esebenzayo kumlotha wempukane kanye ne-Ca(OH)2, i-calcium silicate hydrate ikhiqizwa uma ilinganisiwe. Ukuhlushwa okulinganiselwe okudingekayo (okungukuthi i-liquid phase alkalinity) kuphansi kakhulu kunalokho okudingekayo ukuze kulinganiswe i-calcium silicate hydrate kusimende ojwayelekile wasePortland, ngakho-ke izinga lokuphuma kwamanzi ahlanzekile lincishisiwe kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nesimende. Amandla okugqwala kwamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokumelana nomonakalo we-sulfate.
(4) Ukushisa okuphansi kokumanzisa: Ijubane lokumanzisa kwesimende somlotha ompukane lihamba kancane futhi ukushisa kokumanzisa kuphansi, ikakhulukazi uma inani lomlotha ompukane ongeziwe likhulu, ukwehla kokushisa kokumanzisa kusobala kakhulu.

Usimende wasePortland
Zonke i-clinker zesamente sasePortland ezakhiwe kakhulu nge-calcium silicate, i-limestone noma i-granulated blast furnace slag engaphansi kuka-5%, kanye nezinto zokwakha i-hydraulic ezenziwe nge-gypsum egayiwe kahle zibizwa ngokuthi i-Portland cement. Emhlabeni wonke zaziwa ngokuthi i-Portland Cement.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Usimende wasePortland uhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili, uhlobo I lwesimende sasePortland esingenazo izinto ezixubile sibizwa ngokuthi usimende wasePortland, ikhodi P·I; izinto ezixubile ezine-limestone noma i-granulated blast furnace slag engadluli u-5% wesisindo sesimende sibizwa ngokuthi usimende wasePortland Uhlobo II, ikhodi P·Ⅱ.
Ukwakheka kwamaminerali
Ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwamaminerali kwesamente sasePortland yilokhu: i-tricalcium silicate, i-dicalcium silicate, i-tricalcium aluminate, kanye ne-tetracalcium ferric aluminate. I-Tricalcium silicate inquma amandla esamente sasePortland zingakapheli amasonto amane; i-dicalcium silicate iveza amandla ayo kuphela ngemva kwamasonto amane, futhi ifinyelele emandleni e-tricalcium silicate amasonto amane cishe ngonyaka; amandla e-tricalcium aluminate Isebenza ngokushesha, kodwa amandla aphansi, futhi idlala indima ethile emandleni esamente sasePortland zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3 noma isikhathi eside; Amandla e-acid salt cement mancane.