Indlela yokuhlonza umlotha wezimpukane

Umlotha wempukane wanamuhla uqukethe inani elikhulu le-sulfide noma i-sulfate (njenge-gypsum, njll.), okuhlukile kumlotha wempukane wendabuko. Uma usetshenziswa kukhonkolo ngaphandle kokuhlolwa, kuzobangela ukuqhekeka okukhulu nokuqhekeka kwekhonkolo. Nakuba amazinga amanje omlotha wempukane anemikhawulo yokuqukethwe kwe-SO 3, ukuhlolwa nokunqunywa "komlotha osusiwe i-sulfuri" akunawo amandla.

(2) "Umlotha wokususa i-denitration"
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwe-NO x enqubweni yokushiswa kwamalahle, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwelashwa "kokuncishisa" ngesikhathi senqubo yokushiswa kwamalahle. Inqubo yokuncishisa engafanele ingabangela i-NH4 esele emlotheni wempukane. Lapho umlotha wempukane uxutshwa nesamente, uzohlangana ne-alkali. Indawo yemvelo izokhipha i-NH 3 (igesi ye-ammonia), ekhiqiza igesi eningi esigabeni sepulasitiki sekhonkrithi.

(3) "Umlotha omnyama ontantayo"
Kubuchwepheshe besimanje bokushisa amalahle, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushisa amalahle noma ezinye izidingo ezikhethekile zokusebenza kwezitshalo zamandla, udizili noma ezinye izinto ezinamafutha zengezwa njengezinsiza zokushisa enqubweni yokushisa amalahle. Lezi zinsiza zokushisa azikwazi ukushiswa ngokuphelele futhi zizohlala emlotheni wezimpukane. Uwoyela. Ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba umlotha wezimpukane usuhlungiwe, umlotha wezimpukane oqoqiwe uzoba namafutha amaningi angashisiwe, asetshenziselwa ukuxuba ukhonkolo. Lawa mafutha ayantanta phezulu futhi avele njengamafutha amnyama antantayo kukhonkolo. Lolu hlobo lomlotha wezimpukane lubizwa ngokuthi "umlotha omnyama ontantayo".

Ungazibona kanjani?
(1) Indlela yokubona
Abahloli abanolwazi bavame ukwazi ukuthi umlotha wezimpukane ulula kangakanani futhi ulahleka kanjani ngokubuka umbala womlotha wezimpukane.
Ukubonakala komlotha wempukane kufana nosimende, futhi umbala uyahlukahluka kusukela komhlophe onjengobisi kuya kompunga omnyama. Umbala womlotha wempukane uyisibonakaliso sekhwalithi esibalulekile esingabonisa inani nomehluko wokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, futhi ngezinga elithile, ungabonisa nomlotha wempukane. Ubuncane. Uma umbala umnyama, usayizi wezinhlayiya zomlotha wempukane uba muhle kakhulu futhi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuba phezulu.

Umlotha we-Fly uhlukaniswe ngomlotha we-fly one-calcium ephansi kanye nomlotha we-fly one-calcium eningi. Ngokuvamile, umbala womlotha we-fly one-calcium eningi uphuzi, kanti umbala womlotha we-fly one-calcium ephansi umpunga. Izinhlayiya ze-fly ash zinesakhiwo se-honeycomb esinezimbobo esinendawo enkulu ethile kanye nomsebenzi ophezulu wokumunca. Usayizi wezinhlayiya usukela ku-0.5 kuya ku-300 μm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udonga lwama-bead lunesakhiwo esinezimbobo esinombobo ofinyelela ku-50% kuya ku-80%, futhi lumunca amanzi ngamandla.

Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwemvelo, ungangeza namanzi bese uvuselela ukuze ubone umlotha wempukane. Ebhodleleni lamanzi, engeza inani elifanele lomlotha wempukane ukuze uvuselele ngokushesha ngokulinganayo ukuze uhlole ukuthi kukhona umlotha omnyama ontantayo phezu kwamanzi ukuze uhlole inani lekhabhoni kumlotha wempukane; uma umbala womlotha wempukane umnyama futhi unephunga elingavamile, amaconsi kawoyela, lolu hlobo lomlotha wempukane kufanele lube yi-putty entantayo futhi kufanele lubuyiselwe.

Ngemva kokususa i-sulfurization, umlotha oqukethe i-CaO2 yamahhala ephezulu kanye ne-SO3 uvuselelwa ngamanzi, isixazululo siba yi-alkaline, bese kuthi i-phenolphthalein reagent iphonswe kuso, okubonakala kubomvu. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukhonkolo ukuthi ungaqhekeki ngenxa yokwanda kwe-Ca(OH) 2 kanye ne-calcium sulfoaluminate enamanzi, umkhiqizo kumele ubuyiselwe.

Okwesibili, ungalizwa iphunga. Thatha inani elifanele lomlotha wezimpukane kanye nesamente ebhodleleni bese ufaka amanzi bese uvuselela ukuze wakhe i-slurry. Uma ukwazi ukuzwa iphunga le-ammonia elihlabayo, umlotha wezimpukane ungabhekwa njengomlotha ongcolile.

Bheka nge-microscope! Ukuze uthole umlotha wamanga, qala ngokuvinjelwa. Ngokuvamile, izinhlayiya zomlotha ezimpukane ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane zibushelelezi kakhulu futhi ziyindilinga ngaphansi kwe-microscope (kusetshenziswa i-microscope ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-100), futhi ubuso bezinhlayiya ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinkulu abujwayelekile kodwa futhi bucishe bube yindilinga. Uma kuxutshwa i-powder yesihlabathi esigayiwe kakhulu, i-powder yamatshe, i-powder ye-boiler slag, kuzoba nezinhlayiya eziningi ezingajwayelekile ezingeni ngalinye losayizi wezinhlayiyana, ikakhulukazi ezingeni losayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane, ezizobonakala zingajwayelekile futhi zi-angular.

Ingabe kufanele ngiphathe i-microscope ukuze ngiyihlukanise? Indlela elula yile: thatha cishe i-1kg yomlotha wezimpukane uwufake esitsheni, bese ufaka amanzi kuwo, bese uvuselela ngenkathi ufaka amanzi aze agcwale, bese ubona ukuthi kukhona yini ungqimba lwama-bead amhlophe antantayo phezu kwamanzi, uma ekhona ngempela, uma ekhona, awekho.

Ngomlotha ompukane, ukuvinjelwa kokuqala. Ngokuvamile, izinhlayiya zomlotha ompukane zesigaba esincane sezinhlayiya zinamabhola engilazi abushelelezi kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-microscope, futhi ubuso bezinhlayiya zesigaba esikhulu sezinhlayiya abujwayelekile kodwa buyindilinga. Uma kuxutshwa i-powder yesihlabathi esigayiwe, i-powder yamatshe, i-powder ye-boiler slag eningi kakhulu, kuzoba nezinhlayiya eziningi ezingajwayelekile ekilasini ngalinye lezinhlayiya, ikakhulukazi ekilasini elincane lezinhlayiya.

Umlotha wangempela wempukane unezindinganiso eziqinile zikazwelonke kanye nemininingwane yokusetshenziswa, kanye nezindinganiso eziqinile zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezindinganiso ze-radioactivity. Imininingwane yokupakishwa, amazinga acacile ebanga. Umbala umnyama nophuzi, ufana nempuphu, izinhlayiya zilungile kakhulu, isandla sizizwa silungile futhi somile, kanti okuqukethwe komswakama kuphansi kakhulu. Umlotha wempukane wamanga wenziwe kakhulu ngempuphu yamatshe, impuphu yezitini exutshwe nenani elincane lomlotha wempukane noma i-slag, kanti okunye noma konke kwawo kupakishwe ngqo ngempuphu yamatshe. Umlotha wempukane wamanga ngokwawo awuqinile futhi awunamsebenzi. Umbala umhlophe, kanti eminye imibala ayihlanzekile kakhulu. Ukuzwakala kwesandla kuqinile, kumanzi, futhi isikhwama sokupakisha asijwayelekile. Naka izinkinga ezingenhla lapho uthenga umlotha wempukane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungathenga umlotha wempukane wekhwalithi ephezulu.

(2) Ungawenza kanjani amasampula okwamukelwa?
Shintsha indlela yendabuko yokuqoqa amasampula kanye nendawo, okungukuthi, weld ipompo ekhethekile yokuqoqa amasampula epayipini lensimbi eliphakela umlotha ompukane elinobubanzi obungu-100mm ekuphakameni okuqondile okungaba amamitha angu-1.5 ukusuka phansi, okungakhethwa ngokungahleliwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha umlotha ompukane. Thatha amasampula bese wazisa obala umhlinzeki wokuqoqa umlotha ompukane ukuthi uma imiphumela yokuqoqa amasampula amabili itholakala ihlukile emotweni efanayo, uzojeziswa kanzima.