Uma besingasho ukuthi ukhonkolo uyinto yokwakha ethandwa kakhulu futhi evame kakhulu emhlabeni, bekungeke kube khona mpikiswano. Ukhonkolo uyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, ulandela amanzi kuphela.
I-Fiber Reinforced Concrete iphakathi kwezinto eziningi ezintsha ezenzelwe ukuthuthukisa izici zamandla kanye nezinye izakhiwo ze-concrete.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha, ukuthi luyini lolu khonkolo, izinhlobo zalo ezahlukene, kanye nezinzuzo zalo, bese sithola ukuthi lolu khonkolo lukulungele yini.
Kuyini I-Fiber Ukhonkolo Oqinisiwe?
Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha (i-FRC) ikhonkrithi entsha eqiniswe ngezinto ezinefayibha. Isibonelo, imicu yensimbi ende. Le ndlela yokuqinisa ithuthukisa izakhiwo zekhonkrithi evamile.
Izinto eziningi ezahlukene ze-fiber zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukhonkolo oluqiniswe nge-fiber. Lolu hlobo lwekhonkolo oluqinisiwe seluthandwa kakhulu kangangokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zekhonkolo oluqiniswe nge-fiber zikhiqizwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokusetshenziswa.
Yenziwe Ngani Ikhonkrithi Eqinisiwe Ye-Fiber?
Izithako eziyinhloko zekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yilezi:
Usimende we-Hydraulic
Ingxenye eyinhloko yekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yi-hydraulic cement, eba yi-glue ngemva kokusabela emanzini. Ngokuvamile, i-Portland cement isetshenziswa njenge-hydraulic cement kukhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha.
Ama-Fiber
Ukwengeza imicu emide kushintsha izakhiwo zekhonkrithi entsha ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwezinto ezinemicu ezisetshenziswayo. Kunezinhlobo ezine zemicu ezisetshenziswa ngokuvamile ekukhiqizeni ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngemicu. Le micu yekhonkrithi yile:
Imicu yensimbi
Imicu yengilazi
Imicu yokwenziwa
Imicu yemvelo
Ama-Aggregates
I-aggregate inikeza amandla okubopha kukhonkrithi ngenkathi inciphisa umthamo wesimende odingekayo. Ezinye izinto ezivamile ezihlanganisiwe yisihlabathi, amatshe aqoshiwe, kanye nohlaza.
Umlando Omfushane we-FRC
I-FRC ibilokhu ikhona isikhathi eside, kodwa imicu yekhonkrithi iye yathuthukiswa. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, lapho izakhiwo zazakhiwa ngamatshe, i-mortar yayisebenza njenge-bonding agent ezibamba ndawonye. I-mortar yayiqiniswa kusetshenziswa uboya behhashi.
Ngokufanayo, endabeni yokwakhiwa kwezitini zodaka, utshani kwakuyizinto eziyinhloko zokuqinisa. Lapho ukhonkolo uba ngenye yezinto zokwakha ezivame kakhulu, imicu ye-asbestos yasetshenziswa njengokuqinisa.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba amashumi eminyaka eqhubeka, abantu baqaphela kakhulu izingozi zempilo ze-asbestos nokuthi ibangela kanjani umdlavuza. Phakathi neminyaka yama-1960, esikhundleni se-asbestos, ezinye izintambo ezifana nensimbi nengilazi zathola ukuthandwa.
Iyini imiphumela ye-Fibers ku-Concrete?
Ukwengeza imicu kukhonkolo kuphumela emiphumeleni eminingana. Ubukhulu balokhu buyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe kumicu ethile esetshenziswayo. Ukuthuthukiswa komthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kuncike ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, njengenani lemicu yokuqinisa maqondana nevolumu iyonke, ebizwa ngokuthi i-volume fraction, kanye ne-aspect ratio, etholakala ngokuhlukanisa ubude bemicu ngobubanzi bemicu okukhulunywa ngayo.
Imicu ngokuvamile isebenzela injongo eyinhloko yokunciphisa ukuqhekeka kukhonkolo ngokuthuthukisa amandla ayo okugoba. Ukuqhekeka kukhonkolo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kukhonkolo. Ukuqhekeka kukhonkolo kungenzeka ngezizathu eziningi, njengokuncipha kokomisa kanye nokuqhekeka kwepulasitiki.
Futhi, imicu yehlisa ukungena kwekhonkrithi, isusa amathuba okuvuza kwamanzi ezakhiweni zekhonkrithi.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zekhonkrithi Eqinisiwe Ye-Fiber?
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanganisela zekhonkrithi eziqiniswe ngefayibha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zifaka:
Ukhonkolo Oqinisiwe We-Fiber Yensimbi
Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-FRC. Ukwengeza imicu yensimbi eqinisiwe kukhonkrithi, ngisho noma incane, kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi.
Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi isetshenziswa ezicelweni ezinezidingo ezinkulu zekhonkrithi njengamabhuloho, phansi, imigudu, ukumbiwa kwezimayini, ukwakheka kwangaphambili, njll.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezintambo zensimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ukhonkolo, njengocingo oludonswa ngokubandayo (Uhlobo 1), izintambo zensimbi ezisikiwe (Uhlobo 2), ucingo oluncibilikisiwe olukhishwe (Uhlobo 3), ucingo olusikiwe (Uhlobo 4), kanye nocingo oludonswa ngokubandayo olushintshiwe (Uhlobo 5).
Ukhonkolo Oqinisiwe We-Polypropylene Fiber (PFRC)
I-PFRC isebenzisa imicu yokwenziwa ebizwa ngokuthi imicu ye-Polypropylene, uhlobo lwe-thermoplastic. Kunezinzuzo eziningi ezahlukene zokufaka i-polypropylene kukhonkolo, esizoxoxa ngazo esigabeni esilandelayo.
I-Polypropylene inezici eziningi ezifana ne-polythene, inezakhiwo eziqinisiwe ezithuthukisiwe, amandla okuguquguquka, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le fibre inokumelana okuphezulu namakhemikhali afana nama-asidi kanye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo, futhi inika izakhiwo ezifanayo nokhonkolo.
Ikhonkrithi Eqinisiwe Yefayibha Yengilazi (GFRC)
Ingxube yekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi ihlanganisa izinhlayiya eziningi ezincane zengilazi. Lokhu kuyenza kanjani ikhonkrithi ibe namandla?
Nakuba iphaneli enkulu yengilazi ithambile, i-fiber yengilazi inamandla aphezulu kakhulu esakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuqine, i-fiber iyisengezo esingabizi kakhulu, okwenza ingxube yokugcina yekhonkrithi ishibhile kunezinye izindlela ezifana nekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi.
Imicu efanayo efakwe kupulasitiki iphumela ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe ze-fiberglass ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqina kokuthambekela.
Ukhonkolo Oqinisiwe We-Polyester Fiber
Imicu ye-polyester yekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha iyatholakala njengemicu emincane kanye nemicu emikhulu. Imicu ye-polyester inegalelo ekuqineni kokumelana nokuqhekeka kwalolu hlobo lwekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha.
Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha ye-polyester inokuqina okukhulu kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kwesakhiwo. Ukuqina kwayo okuthuthukisiwe kwenza lolu hlobo lwekhonkrithi lufanelekele phansi kwezimboni, phansi kwendlu yokugcina impahla, izakhiwo ezilungisiwe kusengaphambili, ukumbozwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo zezentengiselwano.
Ukhonkolo Oqinisiwe We-Carbon Fiber
Wake wezwa ngensimbi ye-carbon fiber? Lo mqondo ufana nokhonkolo oluqiniswe nge-carbon fiber.
Nakuba ukufaka i-carbon fiber kukhonkolo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokufaka usimende noma ingilazi, ikhonkolo ephumayo inokuqina okuphezulu namandla. Kodwa-ke, uma iqinile kakhulu, ikhonkolo iba buthakathaka kakhulu (njengensimbi yekhabhoni).
I-Macro Synthetic Fiber Ukhonkolo Oqinisiwe
Ukusebenzisa imicu yokwenziwa emikhulu kukhonkolo kwavela njengendlela ehlukile yokuqinisa insimbi. Phela, ukuqinisa insimbi kungaba yinto ebiza kakhulu kukhonkolo.
Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo, imicu yokwenziwa emikhulu yaba ngaphezu nje kokukhetha okunye. Le micu inezinhlelo eziningi zayo, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezisekelwe phansi.
Ukuqinisa insimbi kungagqwala ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, njengezindaweni zasolwandle, futhi imicu yengilazi isengozini yokuqhekeka. Imicu yokwenziwa yama-macro inikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kulezi zici, ngakho-ke iyisengezo esibalulekile kukhonkrithi kulezi zindawo.
Ukhonkolo Oqinisiwe Wefayibha Yemvelo
Imicu yemvelo ivela ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni, kanye namaminerali emvelo. Njengoba sishilo esigabeni mayelana nomlando we-FRC, imicu yemvelo ibilokhu isetshenziswa enkambisweni yokwakha kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhonkolo usetshenziswa kuphi, kuzoba khona inqwaba yemicu yemvelo. Le micu iyasiza futhi ekwehliseni izindleko zokukhiqiza i-FRC.
Eminye imicu yemvelo ihlanganisa ukotini, utshani, ukhuni, kanye nokusanhlamvu.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Ukhonkolo Oqinisiwe We-Fiber
Ukwengeza imicu ehlukene kukhonkolo kuphumela ezinzuzweni ezahlukahlukene. Ikhonkolo eqiniswe ngefayibha ihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kufayibha engeziwe. Izinzuzo ezithile ze-FRC zizoncika ohlotsheni lwe-FRC olusetshenzisiwe.
Ngokuvamile, nansi izinzuzo ezihambisana nezinhlobo ezithile ezivamile zekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha:
Ukuqinisa I-Glass Fiber
Ukuqinisa ifayibha yengilazi kwandisa amandla esakhiwo sekhonkrithi ngaphandle kokwandisa izindleko kakhulu. Ingilazi ingenye yezinto zefayibha ezishibhile.
Lolu hlobo lokuqinisa lusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi. Imicu emifushane ehlukene ingabonakala esakhiweni sekhonkrithi ngemva kokuba somile.
Le ndlela yokuqinisa inezela amandla okudonsa kuzo zonke izindawo, ngokungafani nokuqinisa okuvamile okusebenzisa imigoqo yensimbi, lapho amandla okudonsa elinganiselwe khona ekuqondeni kwemigoqo.
Ukuqinisa Ifayibha Yensimbi
Insimbi inikeza amandla aphezulu kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha.
Ngokwengeza imicu yensimbi, ukhonkolo udinga ukuqinisa imigoqo yensimbi embalwa.
Imicu ikhiqiza ukumelana okukhulu komthelela ngokumelene nemivimbo kanye nokuhuzuka.
Ukumelana nokuncibilika okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinye izici zokushisa zesakhiwo.
Inciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka ngokunciphisa ububanzi bemifantu.
Imicu ye-Polypropylene kanye nokuqinisa ukhonkolo we-Nylon
Inikeza ikhono lokupompa ukhonkolo ibanga elide ngokwandisa izakhiwo zokuhlangana.
Kuthuthukisa izici zokushisa (isb., ukumelana nokuncibilika).
Kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwekhonkrithi futhi kunciphisa ukuphuka kwayo.
Uma kwenzeka umlilo, izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezinezintambo ze-polypropylene kanye nezintambo ze-nylon ziyamelana nokuqhuma.
Kuphumela ekumelaneni nomthelela omkhulu kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka.
Yiziphi Izicelo Zekhonkrithi Eqinisiwe Ye-Fiber?
Uhlobo lwe-FRC olusetshenziswayo lungahluka ngokuya ngephrojekthi ethile yokwakha. Ngokuvamile, amaphrojekthi amaningi obunjiniyela bezakhiwo asebenzisa i-FRC. Isibonelo::
Izindonga
Iphansi
Amadamu
Imigwaqo yezindiza
Imigwaqo
Amapayipi ekhonkrithi
Amabhuloho
Izitezi zendlu yokugcina impahla
Imigodi evulekile
Imigudu
Izindawo zokuhamba ngezinyawo
Ungayithola Kanjani Ikhonkrithi Eqinisiwe Yefayibha?
Njengoba wazi manje, ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha awuwona umkhiqizo owodwa nje kuphela. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokhonkolo ezinezindlela ezahlukene zokuqinisa eziholela ezicini ezithile ezithuthukisiwe.
Kunezintambo zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezikhulisa ubuqotho besakhiwo se-manifold yekhonkrithi. Futhi, ingilazi nezinto zokwenziwa ze-fiber zinikeza amandla aphakathi kodwa ngentengo ephansi.
NguDaniel Arkin
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-07-2023