Ukuqinisa Ikamva: Ukuphonononga Izongezo Ezintsha Kulwakhiwo Lwekhonkrithi

Ukwakha izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezihlala ixesha elide nezisebenza kakuhle kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekukhetheni izongezo, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni iimpawu zekhonkrithi. Ezi zongezo, ezifana nothuthu oluphumayo, ii-cenospheres, i-expanded perlite, ii-hollow glass microspheres, iifayibha zekhonkrithi, kunye neearhente zokunciphisa amanzi, ziguqula ishishini lokwakha ngokuphucula umxube wekhonkrithi kunye nomxube wekhonkrithi. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuphononongeni iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi yezi zongezo zintsha, ligxininisa impembelelo yazo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwekhonkrithi.

Uthuthu olubhabhayo, imveliso ephuma ekutshisweni kwamalahle, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yekhonkrithi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ze-pozzolanic. Yonyusa amandla ekhonkrithi, ukuqina kwayo, kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngelixa inciphisa ubushushu bokufuma. Ngokufaka inxalenye yesamente endaweni yayo, uthuthu lwempukane ikhuthaza iindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo ngokunciphisa umngcipheko wekhabhoni. Ubungakanani bayo obuncinci beesuntswana kunye nokuma kwayo okungqukuva kwandisa uxinano lokupakisha ikonkrithi, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokuphucula ukumelana neemeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nezinto ezihlasela iikhemikhali.

Ii-cenospheres, ii-microspheres ze-ceramic ezingenanto ezikhaphukhaphu ezithathwe kuthuthu oluphuma kwi-fly ash, ziyanda ukuqatshelwa njengezongezo ezinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ekwenzeni i-concrete. Uxinano oluphantsi kunye nokuma kwazo okungqukuva kunceda ekunciphiseni uxinano lwe-concrete, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo ezifuna izakhiwo ezikhaphukhaphu. Ngaphezu koko, ii-cenospheres ukuphucula iipropati zokuthintela ubushushu bekhonkrithi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele iiprojekthi zokwakha ezisebenzisa umbane kancinci.

I-perlite eyandisiweyo, iglasi yentaba-mlilo eyenzeka ngokwendalo, inefuthe elikhulu kwiimpawu zekhonkrithi. Iimpawu zayo ezilula nezokukhusela zinciphisa uxinano lwekhonkrithi ngelixa ziphucula ukumelana nomlilo kunye nokusebenza kobushushu. i-perlite eyandisiweyo Ukuxuba izinto zekhonkrithi kubangela izakhiwo ezihlala ixesha elide nezisebenzisa amandla kakuhle, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwimizamo yokwakha ezinzileyo.

Ii-microspheres zeglasi ezingenanto, iinxalenye ezikhaphukhaphu ezenziwe ngobuchule obunamandla aphezulu okuxinzelela, ziphinda zibumbe iteknoloji yekhonkrithi. Ezi microspheres ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komxube wekhonkrithi, zinciphisa uxinano, kwaye ziphucula ubushushu. Ukuma kwazo okungqukuva kunye nokuqhuba kwazo okuphantsi kobushushu kuzenza zibe zilungele ukuvelisa ikhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu esebenza kakuhle enokuqina okuphuculweyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

Iifayibha zekhonkrithi, kuquka intsimbi, izinto ezenziwe ngokwenziwa, kunye nezinye izinto zendalo, zisebenza njengezongezo eziqinisa amandla okutsalwa kunye nokuqina kwekhonkrithi. Iifayibha zentsimbi zonyusa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi kunye nokuqina kwayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo zoshishino kunye neziseko zophuhliso. Iifayibha ezenziweyo, njenge-polypropylene kunye ne-nylon, zonyusa ukumelana nempembelelo yekhonkrithi kunye nokuqina kwayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi. Iifayibha zendalo ezifana ne-jute kunye nekhokhonathi zibonelela ngeendlela zokuqinisa ezizinzileyo ngelixa zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwimveliso yekhonkrithi.

Izinto zokunciphisa amanzi, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-superplasticizers, zezona zongezo zibalulekileyo eziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komxube wekhonkrithi kunye nokuhamba kwayo ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni amandla. Ngokusasaza amasuntswana esamente ngempumelelo, ii-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi zivumela ukuveliswa kwekhonkrithi enamandla aphezulu kunye nomthamo wamanzi ophantsi. Oku kukhokelela ekuqineni okuphuculweyo, ukuncipha kokungena kwamanzi, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu okuphuculweyo, okwenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kubuchwepheshe bekhonkrithi yanamhlanje.

Ngamafutshane, ukusetyenziswa okutsha kwezithako zekhonkrithi, kuquka uthuthu oluphumayo, ii-cenospheres, i-expanded perlite, ii-hollow glass microspheres, iifayibha zekhonkrithi, kunye neearhente zokunciphisa amanzi, kuguqula iindlela zokwakha zekhonkrithi. Ezi zithako aziphuculi nje kuphela iimpawu zokuxuba ikhonkrithi kodwa zikwanegalelo kwiinkqubo zokwakha ezizinzileyo nezisebenzisa amandla. Njengoko ishishini lokwakha liqhubeka, ukuhlanganiswa kwezi zithako ezintsha kuya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva lobuchwepheshe bekhonkrithi, kuququzelelwa uphuhliso lwezakhiwo ezihlala ixesha elide, eziqinileyo, nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.