Ukuqinisa Ikusasa: Ukuhlola Izithasiselo Ezintsha Ekwakhiweni Kokhonkolo

Ukwakha izakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinile nezisebenza kahle kuncike kakhulu ekukhetheni izithasiselo, ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Lezi zithasiselo, njenge-fly ash, i-cenospheres, i-expanded perlite, ama-microspheres engilazi engenalutho, imicu yekhonkrithi, kanye nama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi, ziguqula imboni yokwakha ngokuthuthukisa izingxube zekhonkrithi kanye nezingxube. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlola izakhiwo nemisebenzi yalezi zithasiselo ezintsha, siqokomisa umthelela wazo obalulekile ekusebenzeni kwekhonkrithi.

Umlotha ondizayo, umkhiqizo ophuma ekushisweni kwamalahle, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezi-pozzolanic. Ithuthukisa amandla ekhonkolo, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kahle ngenkathi inciphisa ukushisa komswakama. Ngokufaka ingxenye yesimende esikhundleni sayo, umlotha wempukane ikhuthaza imikhuba yokwakha esimeme ngokunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni. Usayizi wayo omncane wezinhlayiya kanye nesimo sayo esiyindilinga kuthuthukisa ubuningi bokupakisha ukhonkolo, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokumelana okuthuthukisiwe nezimo zemvelo kanye nabahlaseli bamakhemikhali.

Ama-cenospheres, ama-microsphere e-ceramic angenalutho alula atholakala kumlotha ompukane, ayaziwa kakhulu njengezithasiselo eziguquguqukayo ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo. Ubuningi bawo obuphansi kanye nesimo sawo esiyindilinga kusiza ekunciphiseni ubuningi bekhonkolo, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa okudinga izakhiwo ezilula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cenospheres ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokuvikela ukushisa zekhonkrithi, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okwakha asebenzisa ugesi ngendlela eyongayo.

I-perlite enwetshiwe, ingilazi yentaba-mlilo eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, ithonya kakhulu izakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Izici zayo ezilula nezivikelayo zinciphisa ukuminyana kwekhonkrithi ngenkathi zithuthukisa ukumelana nomlilo kanye nokusebenza kokushisa. i-perlite enwetshiwe Ukuxuba ukhonkolo kuphumela ezakhiweni ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi ezisebenzisa amandla kahle, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwemizamo yokwakha esimeme.

Ama-microsphere engilazi angenalutho, izinhlayiya ezilula ezakhiwe ngendlela ehlakaniphile ezinamandla aphezulu okucindezela, zishintsha ubuchwepheshe bekhonkrithi. Lawa ma-microsphere athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwekhonkrithi, anciphisa ubuningi, futhi athuthukise ukufudumala. Ukuma kwawo okuyindilinga kanye nokushisa okuphansi kwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ikhonkrithi elula esebenza kahle kakhulu enokuqina okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Imicu yekhonkrithi, okuhlanganisa insimbi, izinto zokwenziwa, kanye nezinhlobo zemvelo, zisebenza njengezithasiselo eziqinisa amandla nokuqina kokhonkolo. Imicu yensimbi ithuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokhonkolo kanye nokuqina, okwenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kanye nengqalasizinda. Imicu yokwenziwa, njenge-polypropylene ne-nylon, kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushayisana kwekhonkrithi kanye nokuqina kwayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Imicu yemvelo efana ne-jute kanye ne-coconut inikeza izinketho zokuqinisa eziqhubekayo ngenkathi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekukhiqizweni kwekhonkrithi.

Izinto zokunciphisa amanzi, eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-superplasticizer, yizithasiselo ezibalulekile ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenhlanganisela yekhonkrithi nokugeleza kwayo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni amandla. Ngokuhlakaza izinhlayiya zekhonkrithi ngempumelelo enkulu, izinto zokunciphisa amanzi zivumela ukukhiqizwa kwekhonkrithi enamandla aphezulu enokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuncishisiwe. Lokhu kuholela ekuqineni okuthuthukisiwe, ukuncipha kokungena kwamanzi, kanye nokuqina kobuso okuthuthukisiwe, okwenza kube yingxenye ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe bekhonkrithi besimanje.

Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa okusha kwezithasiselo zekhonkrithi, okuhlanganisa umlotha wezimpukane, ama-cenospheres, i-perlite enwetshiwe, ama-microspheres engilazi engenalutho, imicu yekhonkrithi, kanye nezinto zokunciphisa amanzi, kuguqula imikhuba yokwakha ikhonkrithi. Lezi zithasiselo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokuxuba ikhonkrithi kodwa futhi zinegalelo emikhubeni yokwakha esimeme neyonga amandla. Njengoba imboni yokwakha ithuthuka, ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zithasiselo ezintsha kuzoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bekhonkrithi, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ezihlala isikhathi eside, eziqinile, nezinobungani nemvelo.